英语被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换.docx

1、英语被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换中考被动语态专项训练 -讲解 +句型转换 主动语态与被动语态一.概念 :主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二 .被动语态的构成：助动词 be+及物动词的过去 分词三 .被动语态的时态 :以为 work 例 :1.一般现在时 : am / is/are+ worked2.一般过去时 : was / were+ worked3.一般将来时 : shall / will +be+ worked4.过去将来时 : should / would+ worked5.现在进行时 : am /is/are+ being+ worked6.过去进

2、行时 : was /were+ being+ worked7.过去进行时 : was/were +being +worked8.现在完成时 : have/has+ been+ worked9.过去完成时 : had +been+ worked10.将来完成时 : shall/ will +have been +worked11.过去将来完成时 : should/would +have been+ worked12.情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+ 动词的过去分词4.用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动 作的承

3、受者时，要用被动语态。5.方法：Many people speak English.( 主动语态 )English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)6.注意以下问题：A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将 直接宾语 (sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for . 用 to 的常见词有： give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用 for 的常见词有： make, choose, sing, play,

4、draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.eg.1.Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary.Some books were given to him by Mary.2.Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father.A new bike was bought for her by her father.B.带复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态 的主

5、语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。eg. 1. We call him Gina.He is called Gina (by us).2.They made me happy.I was made happy( by them).3.He asked me to come here.I was asked to come here (by him)C.在 see, let, make, hear, watch etc. 动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to ，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上 to 。eg.1.We saw them play football just now.They w

6、ere seen to play football just now.2.We often hear her sing in English.She is often heard to sing in English.D.在某些 “不及物动词 +介词 /副词 ”相(当于及物物动词 )的句子中，变被动语态时，注意 不要丢掉介词 / 副词。eg.1.People often talk about that film.That film is often talked about.2.We should speak to the old people politely.The old people

7、should be spoken to politely.E.当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余 不 动 。 例 如 :Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可 改 为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.F.need 表 示 需 要 时 ， 后 面 常 接 doing 形 式 表 示 被 动 意 义 ， 相 当 于 to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers n

8、eed .被动语态专项练习1.A large number of people speak French in Paris.French a large number of people in Paris.2.They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk in Suzhou.3.Does he clean the room every day? the room every day?4.We often sing this song. .5.Does he clean the room every day? the room every day?6.Did he pain

9、t the window red? the window ?7.My cousin repaired the broken watch.The broken watch my cousin.8.They built a bridge between the two islands last year.A bridge between the two islands last year.9.Where did they plant trees? Where trees ?10.He broke his leg in the match. .11.We will give a birthday p

10、arty tomorrow.12.She will sell her house soon. 13.We will build a new library this year.A new library by this year.14.People are still cutting down too many trees in the USA.15.He is repairing the machine. 16.Are they teaching foreign languages there? foreign languages there?17.Are you going to make

11、 a new plane? a new plane ?18.He has finished his work. .19.Have they finished the new project? the new project by ?20.We should plant the trees around the lake.The trees around the lake.21.You can borrow two books at a time.Two books at a time.22.We call maths the language of science. Maths the lan

12、guage of science.23.The teacher made the students copy the text.The students copy the text.24.Someone saw John cross the street just now.John the street just now by someone.25.The boss made the workers work all dayThe workers work all day by the boss.26.He gave me a bookI a book by him.A book me by

13、him .27.My mother made me a cake .I a cake by my motherA cake me by my mother .28.I heard Tom singing just nowTom by me just now .29.We should take care of the old . The old should .30.My aunt bought me a present on my birthday.I a present by my aunt on my birthday.A present me by my aunt on my birt

14、hday.、英语书面表达专项训练 2书面表达 亲子关系是目前广受关注的话题。假设你是张华，你正在以 “如何与父母更好地相处 ”为 题 进行英语自主课程研究。通过搜集资料，你查找到中国青少年研究中心 (CYCRC近) 日就中美 两国亲子关系进行了问卷调查，结果如下表。请你根据下表选取并整合你认为有用的信 息，结合你的实际经历以 How to get along well with parents 为题写一篇感想。ChinaUSKids often talk to their parents48.1%89%Kids think their parents understand them61%81.

15、4%Kids have different ideas from their parents82.1%76%Kids have different ideas from their parents mostly because of Schoolwork (65.4%)Pocket money (20%)注意事项：1.内容须根据表格数据和实际经历合理展开；2.要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境；3.词数在 90 个左右，首尾已经在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数；4.内容必须写在答题卡指定的位置。 【答案】 How to get along well with parentsMore and more

16、 people begin to focus on the parent- child relationship. Here s my understandingof how to get along well with our parents.CYCRC did a survey in the United States and China. The results showed that 48.1% of Chinese children often talk to their parents, far fewer than the Americans. More understandin

17、g lies in American parent-child relationship. I think we should not only talk often but open our heart. For example, when I got low marks in exams, I always talked to my parents. They helped me find the reason and encouraged me. I also shared my secrets and worries with them. A good relationship req

18、uires efforts from both parents and children.As children, getting well with parents is of great importance to us. We should find a proper way to create a healthy parent-child relationship.【解析】【详解】这篇作文要求我们以 How to get along well with parents 为题，就中国青少年研究中心 (CYCRC) 近日对中美两国亲子关系问卷调查的结果进行介绍，并结合自己的实际经历，发表自

19、己的 感谢。写作前，应仔细审题，观察所给表格，弄清楚表格中每一项的内容以及它的意义。 然后结合自己的实际情况，对如何与父母良好相处，发表自己的看法。短文应主要以一般 现在时为主，第一人称和第三人称来叙述。写作时应注意：内容应密切结合表格中所给的 数据以及自己的实际经历，有叙述，有议论。合理安排各部分内容之间的关系，注意分清 结构，表达要有条理。其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不能根据汉语式思维逐词 翻译，应从句式的整体结构出发，使用适当的单词、短语和句型表达。句式结构要完整，可以简单句为基础，穿插使用并列句和复合句以及其他复杂句式。同时注意语句之间使用 恰当的连接成分，使行文连贯、自然。【

20、点睛】 这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了中美两国亲子关系的对比，并结合 自己的实际对如何与父母相处，发表了个人看法。短文有以下几个特点：首先文章内容完 整，符合题目要求。短文分三段：第一段引出文章的话题 parent-child relationship ，点明文 章主旨 Here s my understanding of how to get along well with our parents ；第二段对调查结果 的第一项内容进行了介绍，并结合自己的经历，讲述了如何与父母相处。这是文章的主体 部分，叙述非常详细，内容也很充实，所占篇幅也最大；最后一段作者重申主题，点明了

21、 良好亲子关系的重要性。其次短文使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，语句 通顺。句式结构完整，以简单句为主，也使用了宾语从句、状语从句、并列句、非谓语动 词等复杂句式和结构。行文连贯、自然，表达流畅。短文中较好的句型有： The results showed that 48.1% of Chinese children often talk to their parents, far fewer than the Americans.、 I think we should not only talk often but open our heart. 、 I also shared m

22、y secrets and worries with them. A good relationship requires efforts from both parents and children 、 We should find a proper way to create a healthy parent-child relationship. 等等。3书面表达 生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何 处理此 类问题呢？请根据以下提示点谈谈你的想法。1.上周日，你的好友 Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；2.但是 Lisa并没有

23、因此而道歉，你很难过；3.你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；4.接下来你打算 参考词汇： cherish 珍惜 open up one s e开ye阔s 眼界 要求：1.字数 80-100 个；2.开头已经给出不计入总词数；3.要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥。When I have trouble with my best friendThere are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday.

24、【答案】 When I have trouble with my best friendt apologize to meThere are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday my best friend Lisa lost my favourite book that was a birthday present from my mother. The book is very meaningful for me.

25、 What s more, she didn about this, I felt quite sad. I love reading, because it can open up our eyes and increase our knowledge. I cherish every book of mine and they are my treasure.So I am going to have a serious talk with Lisa in order to tell her my true feelings. I think we can buy a new one an

26、d read it together. In fact, understanding is the most important thing between friends.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇材料作文。【详解】根据题干 “生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如 何 处理此类问题呢？ ”要求可知，本文用一般过去时，人称用第一人称。英语作文一般分为三个部分：第一部分：开篇点题 我将介绍和好友闹矛盾的一件事情。 第二部分：文章主体 具体介绍这件事情的始末。 根据事情发展顺序，从先到后交代事情的经过，我做了什么，为什么会和好友有矛盾。 这些内容用一般过去时，注意

27、动词的过去式变形。1.上周日，你的好友 Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；2.但是 Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；3.你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；4.接下来你打算 第三部分：总结全文 好友之间应该互相理解。4现在智能手机( smartphone )越来越普及，很多中学生都有智能手机。请你根据下面的 提示，写一篇不少于 80 词的英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看法，可适当发挥。 提示： 1、在生活中你用智能手机做什么？2、智能手机对你的生活产生了怎样的影响？3、你对中学生使用智能手机有什么看法？【答案】例文： The smartp

28、hone is becoming more and more popular nowadays .I also have a smartphone .I usually use it to send text messages, play games,watch videos, listen to music and learn English .It is very useful and convenient. In fact,the smartphone makes my life colorful. However ,every coin has two sides.Sometimes

29、I spend too much time playing games on the smartphone and get bad results in exams.So I think we students should use our smartphones properly and don t use them too much .Weshould pay more attention to our studies.【解析】 【详解】这是一篇给材料作文，要求根据内容提示，写一篇英语短文，谈一谈你对智能手机的看 法。文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。首先认真审题，看清题

30、目 中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然 后紧扣要点，动笔写作。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要 点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表 达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼 写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核 检查，确保正确无误。5扬州市“五个一百工程”英 语经典文学 (English classics)阅读正在全市各地各校全面而深入 地推进，这提高了扬州学子的人文科学素养，并促进了他们的终身发展。某校

31、正在开展中 学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据以下问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参 与讨论。1.Do you think reading English classics is necessary? Why? (Give 3 reasons)2.How do you usually take part in the activity of reading English classics? (Give 3 examples, e.g.take part in the Reading Club, take notes while reading )3.What s your advice for the students who are weak in English? (Give- 21 opinions) 要求 1)表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2)必须包括问题中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；3)词数： 100 词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；4)不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has had a discu