全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followi ng text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 poi nts)As many people hit middle age, they ofte n start to no tice that their memory and men tal

2、 clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can remember 1 we put the keys just amome nt ago, or an old acqua intances n ame, or the n ame of an oldusnd tw love. As thebrain 2 , we refer to these occurre nces as se nior mome nts. 3 seem in gly innocent.this loss of men tal focus can pote ntia

3、lly have a (n) 4 impact on our professi on al, social,and pers onal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there sactually a lot that can be don e. It 6 out that the brain n eeds exercise in much the same wayour muscles do, and the right mental 7 can

4、significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thin ki ng is esse ntially a 9 of maki ng conn ecti ons in the brai n. To a certa in exte nt, our ability to 10 in mak ing the connections that drive in tellige nee is in herited. 11 ,because these connections are made through effort and practice, scie n

5、tists believe that in tellige nee can expa nd and fluctuate 12 men tal effort.Now, a new Web-based compa ny has take n it a step 13 and developed the first bra intrai ning program desig ned to actually help people improve and rega in their men tal 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically i

6、mprove your memory and attentionskills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performanee and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances thegames you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing much like a(n) 20 exercise rout ine requires you

7、 to in crease resista nee and vary your muscle use.1.A. whereB.whe nC. thatD. why2.A. improvesB.fadesC. recoversD. collapses3.A. IfB.Un lessC. OnceD. While4.A.unevenB.limitedC. damagi ngD. obscure5.A. wellbei ngB.en vir onmentC. relati on shipD. outlook6.A. turnsB.findsC. poi ntsD. figures7.A. roun

8、daboutsB.responsesC. workoutsD. associatio ns8.A. genreB.fun ctio nsC. circumsta ncesD. criteri on9.A. channelB.con diti onC. sequeneeD. process10.A. persistB.believeC. excelD. feature11.A. ThereforeB.MoreoverC. OtherwiseD. However12.A. accord ing toB. regardless ofC. apart fromD. in stead of13.A. b

9、ackB.furtherC. asideD. around14.A.sharpnessB. stabilityC. frameworkD. flexibility15.A. forcesB.remindsC. hurriesD. allows16.A. holdB.trackC. orderD. pace17.A. toB. withC. forD. on18.A. irregularlyB. habituallyC. con sta ntlyD. unu sually19.A. carryB. putC. buildD. take20.A. riskyB. effectiveC. idleD

10、. familiarSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D.Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 poi nts)Text 1In order to “ change lives for the better ” and reduce “ dependency, ” George Osborne,

11、 Chanof the Exchequer, introduced the “ upfront work search ” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at thejob centre with a CV , register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for ben efit and the n they should report weekly rather tha n fortni ghtly. What could be mor

12、e reas on able?More appare nt reason able ness followed. There will now be a seve n- day wait for the jobseeker sallowa nee. “ Those first few days should be spe nt look ing for work, not look ing to sig n on, claimed. “ we re doing these things because we know they help peoptay off ben efits and he

13、lp those on ben efits get into work faster. Help? Really ? On first heari ng, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “ reforms to an obviously in dulge nt system that dema nds too little effort from the n ewly un employed to find work, and su

14、bsidises laz in ess. What motivated him, we were to un dersta nd, was his zeal for“ fun dame ntal fair ness protecti-g the taxpayer, con troll ing spe nding and en suri ng that only the most deservi ng claima nts received their ben efits.Losing a job is hurting: you don skip down to the job centre w

15、ith a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubli ng your in come from the gen erous state. It is finan cially terrify ing, psychologically embarrass ing and you know that support is mini mal and extraord in arily hard to get. You are now not wan ted; you are now excluded from the work e

16、nvironment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial in come to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone n ewly un employed what they want and the an swer is always: a job.But in Osbor nela nd, your first i nst in ct is to fall into depe nd

17、ency -perma nent depe ndency if youcan get it -supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and ben efit adm ini strati on system n ever happe ned. The prin ciple of British welfare is no Ion ger that you can in sur

18、e yourself aga inst the risk of un employme nt and receive uncon diti onal payme nts if the disaster happe ns. Even the very phrase“ jobseeker s allowaninventCcn 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a “ jobseeker ”who had no man datory right to a ben efit he or she has earned through making n

19、ati onal in sura nee con tributi ons. In stead, the claima nt receives a time-limited “ allowa nee, conditi onal on activelyseek ing a job; no en titleme nt and no in sura nee, at 71.70 a week, onof the least gen erous in the EU.21.George Osborne s scheme was intended to .Amotivate the un employed t

20、o report volun tarilyBprovide the un employed with easier access to ben efitsCen courage jobseekers active en gagobese ekingDguara ntee jobseekers legitimate right to ben efits22.The phrase “ to sign on 3, ”a(Line most probably means .Ato register for an allowa nee from the gover nmentBto accept the

21、 government s restrietions on the allowaneeCto check on the availability of jobs at the job centreDto atte nd a gover nmen tal job-tra ining program23.What prompted the cha ncellor to develop his scheme?AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eager ness to protect the un employed.CAn urge to b

22、e gen erous to the claima nts.DA passi on to en sure fair ness for taxpayers.24.Accord ing to Paragraph 3, being un employed makes one feel .Ain sultedBuneasyCen ragedDguilty25.To which of the followi ng would the author most probably agree?AUn employme nt ben efits should not be made con diti on al

23、.BThe British welfare system in dulges jobseekers laz in ess.CThe jobseekers allowa nee has met their actual n eeds.DOsborne s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text 2All around the world, lawyers gen erate more hostility tha n the members of any other professi onwith the possible excepti

24、 on of journ alism. But there are few places where clie nts have more grounds for compla int tha n America.During the decade before the econo mic crisis, spe nding on legal services in America grew twice as fast as in flatio n. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of mon ey, tempt ing ever more st

25、ude nts to pile into law schools. But most law graduates n ever get a big-firm job. Many of them in stead become the kind of nu isa nce-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly ni ghtmare.There are many reas ons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal educati on. There is just one p

26、ath for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today s average law-school graduate with

27、$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reformi ng the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sen sible ideas have bee n around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conse

28、rvative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Ano ther is to let stude nts sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a ster n eno ugh test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do

29、so. Stude nts who do not n eed the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reas on why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like own ership structure of the bus in ess. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees

30、 high and inno vatio n slow. There is pressure for cha nge from with in the professi on, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather tha n serve clie nts ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers t

31、o own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by en couragi ng law firms to use tech no logy and to employ professi onal man agers to focus on improvi ng firms efficie ncy. After all, other coun tries, such as Australia andBrita in, have started liberaliz ing their legal professi ons. America should follow.26.A lot of stude nts take up law as their professi on due to .Athe grow ing dema nd from clie ntsBthe in creas ing pressure of in flati onCthe prospect of