全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'remember1weputthekeysjusta

momentago,oranoldacquaintance

sname,orthenameofanold

us

ndtwlove.Asthe

brain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent.

thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（n）4impactonourprofessional,social,

andpersonal5.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere's

actuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesameway

ourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive

8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligeneeisinherited.11,

becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligeneecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"brain

trainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.

TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattention

skills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17

yourperformaneeandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthe

gamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea（n）

20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistaneeandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.

A.where

B.

when

C.that

D.why

2.

A.improves

B.

fades

C.recovers

D.collapses

3.

A.If

B.

Unless

C.Once

D.While

4.

A.uneven

B.

limited

C.damaging

D.obscure

5.

A.wellbeing

B.

environment

C.relationship

D.outlook

6.

A.turns

B.

finds

C.points

D.figures

7.

A.roundabouts

B.

responses

C.workouts

D.associations

8.

A.genre

B.

functions

C.circumstances

D.criterion

9.

A.channel

B.

condition

C.sequenee

D.process

10.

A.persist

B.

believe

C.excel

D.feature

11.

A.Therefore

B.

Moreover

C.Otherwise

D.However

12.

A.accordingto

B.regardlessof

C.apartfrom

D.insteadof

13.

A.back

B.

further

C.aside

D.around

14.

A.sharpness

B.stability

C.framework

D.flexibility

15.

A.forces

B.

reminds

C.hurries

D.allows

16.

A.hold

B.

track

C.order

D.pace

17.

A.to

B.with

C.for

D.on

18.

A.irregularly

B.habitually

C.constantly

D.unusually

19.

A.carry

B.put

C.build

D.take

20.

A.risky

B.effective

C.idle

D.familiar

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsborne,Chan

oftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.Onlyifthejoblessarriveatthe

jobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker's

allowanee.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,claimed.“weredoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoptayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.Help?

Really?

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reformstoanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor

“fundamentalfairnessprotecti-gthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:

youdon'skipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyou

cangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnoIongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase

“jobseeker'sallowaninventCc—n1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”

whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsuraneecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowanee,conditionalonactively

seekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsuranee,at71.70aweek,on®oftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborne'sschemewasintendedto.

[A]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily

[B]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits

[C]encouragejobseekers'activeengag^obeseeking

[D]guaranteejobseekers'legitimaterighttobenefits

22.Thephrase“tosignon3,”a（Linemostprobablymeans.

[A]toregisterforanallowaneefromthegovernment

[B]toacceptthegovernment'srestrietionsontheallowanee

[C]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram

23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel.

[A]insulted

[B]uneasy

[C]enraged

[D]guilty

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

[B]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers'laziness.

[C]Thejobseekers'allowaneehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Osborne'sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday'saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.

Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms'efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaand

Britain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto.

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation

[C]theprospectof