论文中西方餐桌礼仪对比英文版.docx

1、论文中西方餐桌礼仪对比英文版AbstractThis paper mainly focuses on the differences of table manners of China and Western countries. In our modern society, the cross-culture communication between China and Western countries becomes a hot issue and the influences of Chinese and Western etiquette are increasingly prof

2、ound, which causes the differences in table manners. In this paper, we attach more importance to the different table manners of China and Western countries, such as, the different ways people sit for a meal, different dining concepts and different table wares and so on. Meanwhile, it helps us unders

3、tand the situation. In this way, we can know well the western countries cultural background, and can set up a harmonious relationship with the westerns.Key Words: table manners, cultural background, table culture摘要 本文主要讲中西方餐桌礼仪的不同点和相同点.在当今社会,随着中西方跨文化交流的平凡以及中西方礼仪的影响加深,导致双方餐桌礼仪方面的差异产生.本文着重于比较中西方在餐桌礼仪.

4、例如,就餐是人们不同的入座方式,不同的饮食概念以及不同的餐具等等.此外还会指出不同国家中的一些用餐禁忌来帮助人们更好的理解餐桌礼仪。通过此法,我们可以更加了解西方国家的文化背景,并且建立起良好的关系。关键词：餐桌礼仪，文化背景，餐桌文化CONTENTS Acknowledgements. iAbstract. ii摘要. iii1 Introduction. 1 2 Defence of table manners. 22.1 Arrangement of seat. 2 2.1.1 Arrangement of seat in Chinese way 2.1.2 Arrangement of

5、 seat in western way 2.1.3 The reason of seat arrangement2.2 Tablewares. 4 2.2.1 How to use and where to put Chinese tablewares 2.2.2 How to use and where to put western table ware 2.2.3 Reasons that cause the differences of tablewares2.3 The right order of dish up.8 2.3.1 Chinese order 2.3.2 Wester

6、n order 2.3.3 Different value that reflected by those order 2.4 Different atmospheres at table.10 2.5 The way to finish eating.113 Conclusion. 12Bibliography. 131. IntroductionWith the development of global economy, cross-culture communication has become more and more frequent, and the differences b

7、etween Chinese and western culture have become more obvious, especially the differences of table manners.Having dinner is more than the basic necessity of life. Instead, having dinner is an important part of social formulae. “John Loke, a famous British philosopher once said, the purpose of playing

8、a ceremonial role is to change the original stubborn to gentle, so that peoples temper can become more moderate and let people learn to respect for others and get along with each others.” (Duan, Chen, 2008) There is no doubt that sometimes some strangers become acquaintances, those acquaintances get

9、 a better understanding of the other even to the germination of love. Because table manner is so fantastic that it does us a favor on acquiring more information, opening up eyesight and expanding the circle of communication. It is obvious that table manners are quite important in peoples everyday li

10、fe. There are numberless differences between Chinese and western food cultures, and those differences cause the differences of table manners.China is one of the four earliest civilizations in the world. Chinese nation is the only inheritance millennium civilization. Western society went through the

11、darkness of Middle Ages and then came to Renaissance, gave birth to capitalism and modern civilization. Today, with the economic globalization, international commercial activities have become more and more frequently and cross-culture communication has come into every nations daily life. In internat

12、ional commercial negotiations, Chinese representatives might have dinners with foreign representatives, while in daily life we might be invited to dinners by foreign friends. This paper mainly talks about the differences of table manners between two cultures, to analyze the causes, aim to achieve cr

13、oss-culture communication more successfully. 2. Differences of table manners“Social customs differ greatly from one country to another. It is therefore impossible to give guidelines that are universally applicable. Generally speaking, you should act naturally, always remaining friendly, courteous, a

14、nd dignified.” (Qian, 2006)The core ideology of Chinese culture is collective consciousness while the western thought core is individualism. So when western people are invited to dinner or party, they order their own food and drink their own wine, to avoid working their wills to other people. While

15、Chinese people would consider it as unreasonable behavior because in Chinese culture, individual must obey collective consciousness. Chinese people value harmonization, and there is an old saying that “Harmony is most precious.” So Chinese people like to dine together and eat together. 2.1 Arrangeme

16、nt of seat2.1.1 Arrangement of seat in Chinese way Chinese people always choose round tables when entertaining friends. There are lots of rules in China about where to put the round table and which seat takes precedence on the same table. In China, people used to use the number of the tables to defi

17、ne the size of banquet. In small banquets which have two tables, the table on the left or farther to the portal is the top table. At bigger banquets that have three or more tables, the rules are much more complicated. The top table is always on the right hand and farthest to the portal. Besides, the

18、 distance to the top table is also taken into consideration. Generally, seats that closer to the top table take precedence. For example, on the wedding party, family members of the bride or the leaderships are arranged to the table that closest to the top table. Hosts show their reverences to the gu

19、ests by arranging seats by this way.Seats at one table also have different meanings. In Chinese table manner, the seat opposite to the door is the honor seat, which is for chief guests or elders; the seats beside are the second honor seat which are for other guests; the seats that opposite to the ho

20、nor seat are the inferior seat. Inferior seats are for the host and hostess. So before the banquet, hosts should first invite the chief guest or elders to the honor seat, and then invite other guests to the second honor seat. Hosts sit down on the inferior seats after all the guests sit down. 2.1.2

21、Arrangement of seat in western wayWestern people perfer long table to round table when entertaining friends. The host and the hostess seat at both end of the table, while guests seat at other seats. Men and women are arranged to seat alternately. The chief guest sits at the upper right side of the h

22、ostess, and the wife of the chief guest seats at the upper right side of the host. Western gentlemen are very particular about “Lady first”, they are always hospitable to ladies. In China, left is honor and right is secondary; middle is honor and slant is secondary. While in western, right is honor

23、and left is secondary.The proper way to take the seat in western is to sit by the left hand. Elbows can never put onto the table and hands are forbidden to touch feet. It is better not to walk out before the banquet is finished (unless you really need to). During the dinner, it is better to sit stra

24、ightly. 2.1.3 The reason of seat arrangementThe main ideology in Chinese culture is group consciousness, and Chinese people believe that individual consciousness should obey group consciousness. So Chinese people choose round tables for banquets. When sitting around round tables, people can talk to

25、each other freely and the atmosphere can be very pulsating. As the nation of etiquette, Chinese people lay emphasis on piety and honesty, and revering elders while caring the young is one of the traditional virtues. So come out the rules for seat arrangement. While in western culture, the main ideol

26、oy is individual consciousness. They believe that everybodys behavior has their own meaning and value, and personal abilities are reflected by those behaviors. Western philosophy places extra emphasis on individual consciousness, development and self expression. They believe that everybody equals, s

27、o they like to use long tables and do not have so many complicated rules for seat arrangement as Chinese people do. 2.2 Tablewares 2.2.1 How to use and where to put Chinese tablewaresChinese tablewares involve chopsticks, small dish, bowl and glass. At formal banquets, glass is put on the upper left

28、 of the plate, while wineglass on the upper right. Chopsticks and spoon are always put together on the right hand of the plate. Toothpick and ashtray are also necessary. 2.2.1.1 ChopsticksChopsticks are the main tablewares in Chinese food culture, they always appear in couple. Its better not to lick

29、 chopsticks( whether there are dregs of food or not) before you pick food from the plates. Using chopsticks that licked to pick up food is very impolite and will make other guests feel sick. It is also bad manner to talk with chopsticks in hand, or even brandish chopsticks. The third bad manner of using chopsticks is to insert chopsticks s