高考英语单项填空题十大考点透视.docx

1、高考英语单项填空题十大考点透视2011年高考英语单项填空题十大考点透视2011年高考英语科有16个省、市、自治区单独命题,再加上三套全国卷,英语试题真可谓“百花齐放”,令人目不暇接,大饱眼福。如今高考已经尘埃落定,盘点2010年高考英语单项填空题,可以发现考查了以下十大热点项目。热点一 动词时态和语态时态和语态综合应用均为考查的热点。例如,语境中时态的正确使用,主从句时态呼应和固定句式。例1 Why, Jack, you look so tired!(江苏卷第23题)Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was p

2、ainting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting解析 D 我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在,而且到明天才会完成。例2 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川卷第18题)A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected解析 D 不强调动作的执行者时要用被动语态,在B和D之间选择;“被期望”这个动作发生在之前,所以用过去时。热点

3、二 非谓语动词的用法特别是V-ing和V-ed形式作定语,状语,补足语以及不定式作状语,宾语补足语和不定式的省略等。例3 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_the students to return to their classrooms. (江苏卷第28题)A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled解析 A enabling.为现在分词短语作状语,表示他在捐献

4、后的结果。having enabled为现在分词完成式,表示在他捐献之前发生,不合逻辑。to enable如果作目的状语在句首时,后面可以加也可以不加逗号;但位于句末时,前面不加逗号。如果有逗号,常用only to表示意想不到的结果。例4 Im calling to enquire about the position_in yesterdays China Daily.(北京卷第25题)A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised解析 A 过去分词作定语,position和advertise之间为被

5、动关系;时间状语为过去。如果时间状语为将来,则选B。热点三 各种复合句的用法包括名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句,主要考查其引导词的选用和语序。例5 The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (江苏卷第32题)A. that B. it C. what D. which解析 D 介词加关系代词引导定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。what和it不能引导定语从句;that不能放在介词后。例6 To impr

6、ove the quality of our products, we ask for suggestions _ had used the products.(重庆卷第25题)A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which解析 A 考点为宾语从句,ask sb for sth;根据情景强调无论谁用过这些产品。热点四动词(词组)词义辨析主要考查常用动词或多能动词以及动词词组的辨析。例7 Thousands of foreigners were _ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(江苏卷第24题)A. a

7、ttended B. attained C. attracted D. attached解析 C 表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参观上海世博会。attend,“参加,出席”;attain,“取得,达到”;attract,“吸引”;attach,“附上,连接”。例8 Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(山东卷27题)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up解析 C 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就

8、学到了一些电脑知识。”pick up表示“偶然学会”,另外还有“捡起; 让人乘车,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始”等意。bring up 表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”。look up 表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”。set up表示“建立,设置;引发,产生”。热点五 冠词的用法主要考查不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法以及零冠词和固定搭配。更加突出综合语言应用能力,这完全符合新课程的理念。例9 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working

9、hard for _ new Jiangsu. (江苏卷第21题)A. 不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the解析 A 第一空,来自社会各阶层的人,不属于特指,不用冠词;第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new,因此应加冠词a,表示一个全新的江苏。例10 If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. (山东卷第22题)A. 不填;the B. 不填;a C. the; a D. the; the解析 C 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,就会有更好

10、的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配,表示“视野开阔,视野良好”之意,所以C项符合语境。热点六 名词的用法主要考查名词词义辨析、固定短语和主谓一致。例11 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _. (江苏卷第22题)A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civiliza

11、tion解析 B reputation,“名声”;expectation,“期望”;contribution,“贡献”;civilization,“文明”。例12 Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.(全国卷第9题)A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn解析 B 当“one of + 复数名词”作主语时,动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用复数形式;当“the(only)one of

12、+ 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用单数形式。热点七 情态动词主要考查情态动词表推测的用法,间或考查情态动词的各种用法。例13 Jack described his father, who_ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.(安徽卷第32题)A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been解析 D 该题考查推测用法,对现在推测用must be/do;对现在正在进行中的动作推测用must be doing;对过去推测用must have done。例14

13、 I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. (山东卷第25题)A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt解析 A 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done。热点八特殊句型如省略句,强调句,倒装句等。例15 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our

14、health. (浙江卷第8题)A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out解析 C 时间,条件或让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语相同且从句中含有be动词,则从句中的主语和be动词可以一起省略。该题中if后引导条件状语省略了they are。例16 Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today. (湖南卷第25题)A. why B. When C

15、. which D. that解析 D 该题考查强调句型“It is/ was .that .”,强调句子中的主语years of hard work。热点九 虚拟语气的用法既考查该语法的基本用法也考查在其他从句中的用法。例17 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. (江苏卷第34题)A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused解析 B would rather加从句应用虚拟语气。

16、若表示与现在时间相反,用动词的过去式。例18 Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建卷第29题)A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow解析 A insist, order, command, suggest (建议), advise, recommend, request, require, demand, desire后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气should do

17、/be,其中should可省略。热点十功能意念项目重在情境中考查实际应用能力。例19 Do you think you could do without help?(山东卷第21题)_. This is not the first time for me.A. Take care B. Hurry up C. Not exactly D. Dont worry解析 D 本题考查交际用语的使用。根据后置语境This is not the first time for me可知,答语应表示“没问题,别担心”之意,所以D项符合语境。【应试对策】1. 时态语态:考生应熟悉普通高中英语课程标准(实验稿)

18、中所要求的十种常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。做时态、语态题时一定要结合语境,抓住时间状语和从属连词,还要注意主从句时态呼应。2. 非谓语动词:要掌握不定式、分词和动名词的基本用法及区别。注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词。3. 复合句:三大从句引导词的选择各有诀窍:名词性从句引导词的选择采用从句中“缺什么补什么”的策略;定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句中作何成分,作主语、宾语或定语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词”;状语从句引导词的选用关键根据句子的意思。4. 动词(词组):考生应熟练掌握常用动词的用法,多看一些英文报刊,有可能多听一些英语教学节目,

19、注意一词多意或多性现象,特别关注一些常用动词的用法。5. 冠词:考生应掌握不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的用法,还应熟知抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化,注意零冠词以及固定搭配的用法。6. 名词:考生应掌握可数名词及其单复数(特别是外来词),不可数名词和专有名词以及名词所有格,特别注意同义词辨析及常用短语。7. 情态动词:考生应熟知常用情态动词的基本用法,重点掌握肯定句和否定句中对现在、此时此刻及过去的推测用法,还有need和dare作为情态动词和实义动词两种用法。8. 特殊句型:考生应注意特殊句型往往有其特定的标志,句子结构相对固定,因此答题时要善于捕捉关键词,然后根据积累的知识解题。9. 虚拟语气:考生应掌握虚拟语气三个公式(现在、过去、将来)及其在倒装、错综条件句、含蓄条件句以及在其他从句中的应用。10. 功能意念:考生应熟练掌握十一类功能意念项目和二十四类话题项目,特别注意英汉思维方式的差异,语言得体