5年高考3年模拟湖北专用届高考英语一轮复习 专题十五 主旨大意.docx

1、5年高考3年模拟湖北专用届高考英语一轮复习 专题十五 主旨大意 专题十五主旨大意Passage 1(2014湖北,B)体裁:议论文词数:381London􀆳s newest skyscraper(摩天大楼)is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres,it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of L

2、ondon.However,not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London,Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the

3、city.The sides of the building aren􀆳t regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him

4、 of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆)of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors.At the top,there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty,but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants,apart

5、ments and offices.Before building work began,a lot of people didn􀆳t want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York,but not in London.They say that the best thing abou

6、t the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration,only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics don􀆳t like what the Shard seems to represent.They say t

7、hat the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich a

8、nd the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain,however,that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.1.London􀆳s newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of.A.its size B.its costC.its shape D.its height2.When he designed t

9、he Shard,Piano wanted it to.A.change London􀆳s skylineB.inherit London􀆳s traditionC.imitate the Egyptian styleD.attract potential visitors3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard.A.is only preferred by the richB.is far away from the poor areaC.is intended for wealt

10、hy peopleD.is popular only with Londoners4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.The Shard:Cheers and ClapsB.The Shard:Work of a Great ArchitectC.The Shard:New Symbol of London?D.The Shard:A Change for the Better?答案语篇解读本文为议论文。题材为社会文化类。文章主要介绍了人们对伦敦新建的摩天大楼the Shard的不同看法。1.C2.B3.C4.DPassage 2

11、(2014课标,A)体裁:记叙文词数:269Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his sui

12、tcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country w

13、hile trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband􀆳s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My hus

14、band rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they h

15、ad seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.Wh

16、at did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A.Go shopping. B.Find a house.C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation.2.The girl􀆳s parents got Rashid􀆳s phone number from.A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney3.What does the un

17、derlined word “restored”in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed. B.Sent out. C.Delivered. D.Gave back.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia. B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure. D.In Search of New Friends.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。从印度来到悉尼的第一个

18、星期,作者的丈夫Rashid的手提箱被盗,里面装有重要文件,包括护照,在这个举目无亲的陌生城市里,他会得到帮助吗?1.B2.C3.D4.CPassage 3(2014北京,C)体裁:议论文词数:388Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach ou

19、r goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable reso

20、lution:“I􀆳ll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I􀆳ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been di

21、scussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was t

22、hat incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer􀆳s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain

23、 books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it􀆳s easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on yo

24、ur spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn􀆳t a goal because it􀆳s too general.Similarly,if you want to spend mor

25、e time with your family,don􀆳t stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake beca

26、use.A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions2.In Roland Fryer􀆳s research,some students did better than the others because.A.they obeyed all the general rulesB.they paid more atte

27、ntion to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?A.“I􀆳ll give up dessert.”B.“I􀆳ll study harder.”C.“I􀆳ll cut down my expenses.”D.“I􀆳ll spend

28、more time with my family.”4.The writer strongly believes that we should.A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output答案语篇解读本文为议论文,

29、题材为设定目标。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage 4(2014天津,D)体裁:说明文词数:352People aren􀆳t walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But

30、 I used the car.And I wasn􀆳t in any hurry,either.I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness:motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的),for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs.At that time,we regarded 25 miles as a good

31、day􀆳s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45 years old I racedand beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterpr

32、ises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart.But a well-known British physician,Sir Adolphe Abrahams,pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.And walking

33、 is an ideal form of exercisethe most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the trees,flowers,insects,birds and animals,the significance of seasons,the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient me