5年高考3年模拟湖北专用届高考英语一轮复习 专题十五 主旨大意.docx

5年高考3年模拟湖北专用届高考英语一轮复习 专题十五 主旨大意.docx

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5年高考3年模拟湖北专用届高考英语一轮复习专题十五主旨大意

专题十五　主旨大意

Passage1（2014湖北,B）体裁:

议论文　词数:

381

London􀆳snewestskyscraper（摩天大楼）iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.

TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire（尖顶）.Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren􀆳tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename:

theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts（桅杆）oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.

TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop,thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants,apartmentsandoffices.

Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn􀆳twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.

Othercriticsdon􀆳tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.

TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain,however,thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.

1.London􀆳snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof　　　. 

A.itssizeB.itscost

C.itsshapeD.itsheight

2.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto　　　. 

A.changeLondon􀆳sskyline

B.inheritLondon􀆳stradition

C.imitatetheEgyptianstyle

D.attractpotentialvisitors

3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard　　　. 

A.isonlypreferredbytherich

B.isfarawayfromthepoorarea

C.isintendedforwealthypeople

D.ispopularonlywithLondoners

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheShard:

CheersandClaps

B.TheShard:

WorkofaGreatArchitect

C.TheShard:

NewSymbolofLondon?

D.TheShard:

AChangefortheBetter?

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。

题材为社会文化类。

文章主要介绍了人们对伦敦新建的摩天大楼theShard的不同看法。

1.C

2.B

3.C

4.D

Passage2（2014课标Ⅱ,A）体裁:

记叙文　词数:

269

ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.

Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.

Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.

Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband􀆳snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan（垃圾桶）thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.

Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.

Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.

1.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?

A.Goshopping.B.Findahouse.

C.Joinhisfamily.D.Takeavacation.

2.Thegirl􀆳sparentsgotRashid􀆳sphonenumberfrom　　　. 

A.afriendofhisfamilyB.aSydneypoliceman

C.aletterinhispapersD.astrangerinSydney

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Showed.B.Sentout.C.Delivered.D.Gaveback.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.

C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。

从印度来到悉尼的第一个星期,作者的丈夫Rashid的手提箱被盗,里面装有重要文件,包括护照,在这个举目无亲的陌生城市里,他会得到帮助吗?

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.C

Passage3（2014北京,C）体裁:

议论文　词数:

388

ChoosingtheRightResolution（决定）

MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.

Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput（输入）.Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:

“I􀆳llstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“I􀆳llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.

Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives（激励）,includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer􀆳sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.

Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit􀆳seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.

Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn􀆳tagoalbecauseit􀆳stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don􀆳tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.

Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.

1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause　　　. 

A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericans

B.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresult

C.itisdependentontoomanythings

D.itisbasedonactionabledecisions

2.InRolandFryer􀆳sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause　　　. 

A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrules

B.theypaidmoreattentiontoexams

C.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmates

D.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks

3.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?

A.“I􀆳llgiveupdessert.”

B.“I􀆳llstudyharder.”

C.“I􀆳llcutdownmyexpenses.”

D.“I􀆳llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”

4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould　　　. 

A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcome

B.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothem

C.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabits

D.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为设定目标。

作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

Passage4（2014天津,D）体裁:

说明文　词数:

352

Peoplearen􀆳twalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.

IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn􀆳tinanyhurry,either.Ihadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:

motorosis.

ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune（免疫的）,forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime,weregarded25milesasagoodday􀆳swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced—andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatueofLiberty.

Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysician,SirAdolpheAbrahams,pointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercise.Apersonwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.

ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.Hecannotlearninacar.

Thecarisaconvenientme