研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析.docx

1、研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析2015研究生入学考试-英语一-真题-答案-解析D5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.

2、The team also developed a friendship score which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team

3、suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than functional kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem

4、to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the

5、 subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1 A what B why C how D when2 A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3

6、 A for B with C by D on4 A separated B sought C compared D connected5 A tests B objects C samples D examples6 A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D incredible7 A visit B miss C know D seek8 A surpass B influence C favor D resemble9 A again B also C instead D thus10 A Meanwhile B Furthermore C

7、Likewise D Perhaps11 A about B to C from D like12 A limit B observe C confuse D drive13 A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14 A chances B responses C benefits D missions15 A faster B slower C later D earlier16 A forecast B remember C express D understand17 A unpredicted B contr

8、ibutory C controllable D disruptive18 A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor19 A political B religious C ethnic D economic20 A see B show C prove D tell答案解析1、A what 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。2、B concluded 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第二个空为针对从句谓语进

9、行的词义考察。3、D on 本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conduct on词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。4、C compared 比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。5、C samples 词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。6、A insignificant 词义题，1%，以及后面的not so转折，判断，A insignificant不显著，为最佳选项。7、C know 句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。8、D resemble 词义题，和上一个空

10、形成转折。9、B also 上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。Also为最佳选项。10、D Perhaps 结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是最符合文章大意。11、B to 介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。12、D drive 词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们drive为最佳选项。13、B rather than 逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，rather than不是而是最符合。14、C benefits 跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。15、A fa

11、ster 词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“picked pace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。16、D understand 词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。17、B contributory 本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory贡献，最佳。18、A tendency 结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。19、C ethnic 同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。20、A see 本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的

12、)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep.

13、But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their m

14、agnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this a

15、pparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms not counting Vatican city and Andorra. But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf a

16、nd Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they beh

17、ave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomes Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern de

18、mocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with

19、 the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has pres

20、erved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a

21、serviceas non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21、according to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of spanA used to enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among

22、European royalsC ended his reign in embarrassmentD eased his relationship with his rivals22、monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostlyA owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voters more public figures to look up toD due

23、to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D The nobilitys adherence to thei

24、r privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because CharlesA takes a tough line on political issues.B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C takes republicans as his potential allies.D fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

25、A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne答案解析：21 D ended his reign in embarrassment此题属于细节题。根据关键词King Juan Carlos of Spain 定位到第一段第一和第二句。But embarrassing scandalshave forced

26、 him to eat his words and stand down. 此处stand down译为放弃席位。因此D ended his reign in embarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。22 A owing to their undoubted and respectable status此题属于细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段第一句it is this apparent that explains as heads of state.和第三句But unlike their absolutistmost royal families have survived becau

27、se they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for .respected public figure. 绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。因此A owing to their undoubted and respectable status是原文内容的同义替换。23 B the role of the nobility in modern democracies此题属于细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families sho

28、uld still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states 奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此B the role of the nobility in modern democracies是原文内容的同义替换。24 B fails to change his lifestyle as advised此题属于细节题。根据关键词”have most of fear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles 后面who引导定语从句who has both an expensive taste

29、 of lifestyle and world因此B fails to change his lifestyle as advised是原文内容的同义替换。25 C Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs此题属于全文主旨题。着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。因此Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs是全文内容的精确概括。Text 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data

30、? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authoriti

31、es may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartph