研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析.docx
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研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析
2015研究生入学考试-英语一-真题-答案-解析
D
5.
While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,"Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin."
Theteamalsodevelopeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.
Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13than"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!
Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.
1AwhatBwhyChowDwhen
2AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised
3AforBwithCbyDon
4AseparatedBsoughtCcomparedDconnected
5AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples
6AinsignificantBunexpectedCunreliableDincredible
7AvisitBmissCknowDseek
8AsurpassBinfluenceCfavorDresemble
9AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus
10AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps
11AaboutBtoCfromDlike
12AlimitBobserveCconfuseDdrive
13AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith
14AchancesBresponsesCbenefitsDmissions
15AfasterBslowerClaterDearlier
16AforecastBrememberCexpressDunderstand
17AunpredictedBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive
18AtendencyBdecisionCarrangementDendeavor
19ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic
20AseeBshowCproveDtell
答案解析
1、Awhat本句的句意是：
这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。
2、Bconcluded本句的句意是：
这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。
3、Don本句前半句的句意是：
这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。
考察Conducton词组，进行。
从句意为：
它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。
4、Ccompared比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。
5、Csamples词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。
6、Ainsignificant词义题，1%，以及后面的notso转折，判断，Ainsignificant不显著，为最佳选项。
7、Cknow句意为：
一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。
8、Dresemble词义题，和上一个空形成转折。
9、Balso上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。
Also为最佳选项。
10、DPerhaps结合上下文：
这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。
11、Bto介词题，意为：
就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。
12、Ddrive词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。
13、Bratherthan逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，ratherthan不是…而是最符合。
14、Cbenefits跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。
15、Afaster词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“pickedpace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。
16、Dunderstand词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。
17、Bcontributory本句意为：
社会环境是最主要的一个因素。
Contributory贡献，最佳。
18、Atendency结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。
19、Cethnic同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。
20、Asee本句意为：
尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有（用于比对的）朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions：
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-healed）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21、accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]endedhisreigninembarrassment
[D]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
答案解析：
21Dendedhisreigninembarrassment
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词KingJuanCarlosofSpain定位到第一段第一和第二句。
Butembarrassingscandals…haveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.此处standdown译为放弃席位。
因此Dendedhisreigninembarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。
22Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词定位到第三段第一句itisthisapparent…thatexplains…asheadsofstate.和第三句Butunliketheirabsolutist…mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfor...respectedpublicfigure.绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。
因此Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus是原文内容的同义替换。
23Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。
因此Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies是原文内容的同义替换。
24Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词”havemostoffear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles后面who引导定语从句whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleand…world因此Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised是原文内容的同义替换。
25CCarlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
此题属于全文主旨题。
着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。
第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。
因此Carlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs是全文内容的精确概括。
Text2
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartph
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