《计算机英语第3版》练习参考答案58.docx

1、计算机英语第3版练习参考答案58计算机英语（第3版）练习参考答案(5-8)Unit Five: Software Process Unit Five/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1

2、. system specification 系统规格说明 2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试 3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）4. system validation testing 系统验证测试 5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程 6. simple linear model 简单线性模型 7. program unit 程序单元 8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型 9. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化 10. system evo

3、lution 系统演变 11. 系统设计范例system design paradigm 12. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition 13. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach 14. 系统文件编制system documentation 15. 瀑布模型waterfall model 16. 系统集成 system integration 17. 商用现成软件mercial off-the-shelf ( 或COTS) software 18. 基于组件的软件工程ponent-based soft

4、ware engineering (CBSE) 19. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool 20. 软件复用software reuse III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software

5、 faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program ponents. Requirements errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary. Secondly, 1. off-the-shelf 2. e

6、xclusive 3. cascade 4. requirements; integration 5. throwaway 6. immediate; stable 7. reuse-oriented; framework 8. software; promises there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the systems environment such

7、 as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the systems functionality. This type of maintenance is necessary when

8、 the system requirements change in response to organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isnt a clear-cut distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the sy

9、stem to a new environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features. Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways. Changing the system to acmodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults. IV. Translate the foll

10、owing passage from English into Chinese: 软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。 计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统

11、来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。 Unit Five/Section B I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 1. entity 2 2. duration 3 3. data; process 或process; data 4 4. implemented II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 2

12、3 4 1. check box 复选框，选择框，校验框 2. structured design 结构化设计 3. building block 积木块，构建模块，构件 4. database schema 数据库模式 5 6 7 8 9 10 5. radio button 单选（按）钮 6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique 7. 模型驱动开发model-driven development 8. 数据流程图data flow diagram 9. 下拉式菜单drop-down ( 或pull-down) menu 10. 滚动条scroll bar Uni

13、t Five/Section C I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 1. problem 2 2. consequences 3 3. design 4 4. specific; general II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 2 1. procedural language 过程语言 2. mon design structure 通用设计结构 3. cl

14、ass and object interaction 类与对象交互 4. design constraint 设计约束 5. 设计模式 design pattern 6. 可复用软件reusable software 7. 面向对象的系统object-oriented system 8. 继承层次inheritance hierarchy Unit Six: Database Unit Six/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 1. flat 2 2. data 3 3. appl

15、ication; administrators 4 4. conceptual 5 5. tables 6 6. fragmented; replicated 7 7. structured 8 8. entity-relationship; attributes II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 2 3 1. end user 最终用户，终端用户 2. atomic operation 原子操作 3. database administrator 数

16、据库管理员 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4. relational database model 关系数据库模型 5. local data 本地数据 6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库 7. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统 8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型 9. distributed database 分布式数据库 10. flat file 平面文件 11. 二维表two-dimensional table

17、12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 数据属性data attribute 数据库对象database object 存储设备storage device 数据类型data type 数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion 层次数据库模型hierarchical database model 数据库体系结构database architecture 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS) 全局控制总线global control bus III. Fill in

18、 each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a puter memory and designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or encoded graphics. Small

19、databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for agency or professional use. In the 1960s, some databases became mercially available, but their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centers that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches. Online

20、databasesthat is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by puterfirst appeared in the 1970s. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have bee so important that they can be found in almost every field of information. Government, military, and industrial da

21、tabases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of limited interest. A wide range of mercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access to the equipment that they require. IV. Trans

22、late the following passage from English into Chinese: 在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表中的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另一个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID 、LAST-NAME 、FIRST-NAME 和HIRE-DATE 字段，另一个表包含DEPT 、EMPLOYEE-ID 和SALARY 字段，关系数据库可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID 字段，以找到特定的信

23、息，如所有挣到一定薪水的雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据库使用两个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库产品一般是关系数据库。 Unit Six/Section B I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 1. mit 2 2. scheduler 3 3. shared; exclusive 4 4. wound-wait II. Translate the following terms or phrases from Englis

24、h into Chinese and vice versa: 1 1. nonvolatile storage system 非易失性存储系统 2 2. equipment malfunction 设备故障 3 3. wound-wait protocol 受伤等待协议 4 4. exclusive lock 排它锁，互斥（型）锁 5 5. database integrity 数据库完整性 6 6. 共享锁shared lock 7 7. 数据库实现database implementation 8 8. 级联回滚cascading rollback 9 9. 数据项data item 10

25、 10. 分时操作系统time-sharing operating system Unit Six/Section C I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1 1. data access 2 2. bridge; native 或native; bridge 3 3. pooling 4. try; catch II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 1. base class 基（本）类