高中英语必修一知识点1.docx

1、高中英语必修一知识点1Unit 1, Friendship一重点词汇：upset ignore tip friendship nature discover recover thunder，cheat share series dare entirely understand power trust，suffer quiz survey point favorite situation habit，loose gossip grateful experience settle highway culture，spirit community selfish solve background二重

2、点短语：calm down be concerned about make a list of be crazy about，according to get along with fall in love try out add up，share sth. with sb. go through a series of on purpose join in，communicate with face to face happen to do at dusk stay away，set down hide away laugh at go on holiday walk the dog ，li

3、ve in peace fall in love get tired of三重点句子I. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 2. What do you think a good friend should be like? 3. Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since 1942.While

4、walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。Im only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.Its no pleasure looking through any longer.Its a good habit for you to keep a diary.She found it difficult to sett

5、le and4. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？5. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和

6、鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。 nature is one thing that really must be experienced.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.6. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。7. I would be grateful if you could give me s

7、ome advice.四重要语法知识点1. 直接引语和间接引语（详细参看第二单元讲解）2. with复合结构，也可以叫做独立主格结构，在格式上没有谓语动词，在句中常作状语，表示伴随，原因，方式，条件等。with+名词+介词短语。在句中作状语，作后置定语。with+名词/代词+过去分词。其中过去分词表示被动或者完成了的动作。with+名词/代词+现在分词。其中现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作。with+名词/代词+不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。with+名词/代词+形容词。Unit2 English around the world一、重点单词 Include internationa

8、l native modern vocabulary culture actually rule latter elevator/lift usage identity government command petrol/gas request polite standard recognize apartment/flat accent direction block official voyage conquer gradually enrich especially rapidly spelling settle/settle 二、重点短语 play a role (in) play a

9、 part(in) even if be based on from one place to another the sameas such as close to make use of no longer in the early days at present come up to the number of三、重点句子1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英

10、国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)4.those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.Because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.Actually, it was based more on German t

11、han the English we speak at present.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.5.there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 6.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得

12、跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: Its kind of you to help me carry the box.7.The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.8.At first the English spoken in England bet

13、ween about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.四、重点语法知识点一、直接引语变为间接引语（注意：变化时句子一定为陈述句语序。）人称的变化直接引语中主语第一人称或者被第一人称所修饰，人称要与“讲话人”的人称一致。直接引语的第二人称，或者被第二人称所修饰，人称要与“听话人”的人称一致。直接引语中的第三人称不变化。 “一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更改”。二、时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将

14、来时时态不变化的情况：直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 Unit3 Travel journal一，重点单词Journal/journalist/journey/trip/tour(tourist, tourism)/trave

15、l/vayage/flight fare transport finally Persuade insistcycle/recycle stubborn attitude camp proper/properly topic familiar prefer disadvantage record/recorder flow cousin province graduate brave /bravery schedule detail wool determine/determination/determined freeze reliable encourage gradually sourc

16、e/resource inn afford lucky special temple caf populationdirections separate field二，重点短语get sb interested in make camp dream of doing persuade sb to do persuade sb into/out of (doing) sth insist on sth /doing sth put up ones tents set /break(beat)/hold a record care about care for sth/sb give in(to

17、sb) give away give off give out make up ones mind read ones mind keep/bear sth in mindbe familiar with sth be familiar to sb be similar to三，重点句子1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.2.Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we

18、(should) find the source of the river.3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.6.Ever since middle school, I have dreamed abou

19、t taking a great bike trip.7.they are Dai, near the Langcang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.3.重要语法知识点现在进行时 构成:主语+be+动词ing现在分词形式第一人称+am+v-ing 第二人称+are+v-ing 第三人称

20、+is+v-ing定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动d.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态） 表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realise,suppose,understand表示“看起来”“看上去appear,resemble,seem表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer表示构成或来源的动词 be com

21、e from.contain,include表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste 表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： (1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。： (2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 (3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时

22、。如： 现在进行时的变化 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？ 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作

23、或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Unit4 Earthquakes一，重点单词 Shake rise burst ruin/destroy earthquake injure judge honour useless imagine shock rescue disaster shelter survivor fresh countryside smelly nervous strange/stranger well pipe eventsuffering steam extreme shock bury canal brick dam track steel mine/miner

24、 trap judge competition express organize congratulations二，重点短语 prepare to do sth/get prepared instead of a/the number of thousands of Shake hands with sb. Burst into Judging by/from Be/feel honoured by Give honour to sb Dig out as usual right away Be proud of at an end 三，重点句子1. Mice ran out of the f

25、ields looking for places to hide.2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep.3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.4. It seemed as if the world was at an end.5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ b

26、e + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定7. Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。8. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.9. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.10

27、. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 四，重要语法知识点定语从句定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，

28、引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 （一） 限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语

29、时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。eg：this is the book （which）you want。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置. 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢。3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all,

30、 some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that。4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。二、关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词=介词+关系

31、代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。2. when引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导。（二）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。4. 有时as也可用作关系