英语报刊选读.ppt

1、Lesson 2 The Characteristics and Understanding of English News Headlines,What do you think of the following Headlines?,Putin Faces Harsh Press Criticism over Terror普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评 Olympics Begin in Style;Swimmer Takes 1st Gold奥运盛妆开幕 泳将喜夺首金 No Fans?“No fret！”赛场没人气？“咱可没生气!”Japanese Dash to US to Say“I

2、do”日本情侣蜂拥美利坚 牧师面前誓言“我愿意”Singaporean Star Gives Part of Liver to Save Dying Lover若为爱情故肝脏也可抛狮城上演感人生死恋,Condensed HeadlinesEllipsesSimplified tensesAbbreviations缩写or acronyms首字母缩略词Midget words or single syllable wordsVoiceLack of background information,EllipsesIn headlines,a sentence contains only the n

3、otional words,leaving out the empty ones,such as articles,verb to be,prepositions,relatives关系词,auxiliaries助动词,and pronouns,and sometimes notional words or even the main clause provided that the meaning of the sentence remains.1、冠词基本省略。例如：Tenth Of British Mackerel Catch Ground Into Feed.(A Tenth Of T

4、he British Mackerel Catch Ground Into Feed.)英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料。Three Gorges Flooded By Farewell Tourists.(The Three Gorges Flooded By Farewell Tourists.)惜别之情难以挡游客蜂拥至三峡。Ex-PM murdered=(The)Italian EX-PM(is)Murdered,2、联系动词通常省略。,例如：Three Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.(Three Are Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.)吸

5、入炉灶煤气三人窒息身亡。Clinton Inauguration Most Expensive Ever.(Clinton Inaugurati0n Is M0st Expensive Ever.)克氏就职典礼花费空前巨大。,3、助动词通常省略。,例如：Financier Killed By Burglars.(A Financier Is Killed By Burglars.)夜毛贼入室金融家遇害。Pope To Visit Japan In February.(Pope Is To Visit Japan In February.)教皇拟于二月访日。India Mending Fence

6、s.(India Is Mending Fences.)印度正在改善与邻国的关系。,4、连词通常省略，并用逗号代替。,例如：Us，Vietnam Resume Talks.(Us And Vietnam Resume Talks.)美越恢复会谈。Nbcs President Robert Wright Seeks Big Acquisitions,Ventures For The Network.(Nbcs President Robert Wright Seeks Big Acquistions And Ventures For The Network.)“强有力的伙伴”+“可观的投资”罗伯

7、特董事长为nbc网络扩展而奔走。,Belgium Supports Francs,Denies It Will Quit Snake.(Belgium Supports The Francs And Denies It Will Quit The Snake.)比利时支持法郎并否认将退出“蛇形浮动”。Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms.(The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms.)广交会闭幕交易兴旺。Woman Kills Husband,Self=(A)Woman Kills Her Husband and H

8、er Self.,Sometimes to be and other verbs are replaced by:Eg.Mao:We Should Support Third World Countries=Mao(Says)(That)We Should Support(The)Third World CountriesYeltsin:Muslim Nations Call For End To Tension In Bosnia Hergezervena.(Yeltsin Says That Muslim Nations Call For An End To The Tensi0n In

9、Bosnia Hergezervena.)叶利钦说：穆斯林国家呼吁尽早结束波黑紧张局势。Shanghai:Resplendent Pearl Of New China.(Shangha Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China.)上海：新中国的璀璨明珠。,Nouns are used to modify nouns without verbs or relatives.Eg.Channel Tunnel Halt=(The)Channel Tunnel(Project)Is Halted,Simplified tensesSimple present tense

10、is applied to report Things happened:Jeweler Is Slain.Things happening:School Ask Parents for Money Towards Books(Dozens of schools throughout Britain are asking parents to help to pay for textbooks and other basic teaching materials,according to a survey in todays issue of THE TIMES EDUCATIONAL SUP

11、PLEMENT)Things to happen:EU Plans to Boost Trances RecoveryTo do for future tensePeking to Fire Test Rocket to South PacificChina Football Team to Leave for 2002 WCMainland，TW to talk economy（两岸ECFA(Economic Cooperaion Framework Agreement经济合作架构协议)下周首度协商,Past participle forpresent tense:US Car Marker

12、s Viewed as Threat by Europeanspast tense:Colombian Sent to US for Drug Trialprogressive tense:Brazil Elite/eilit/Forced to Make Loanspresent perfect:Petrol Bomb Found outside Cardiff Conservative Club,1、Simple present=past 新鲜感（Freshness）、现实感(Reality)，和直接感（Immediacy）。Comeback Gives China A Sensation

13、al Thomas Cup Win.(The Comeback Gave China A Sensational Thomas Cup Win.)中国队反败为胜荣获汤姆斯杯。Street Battle In Heavy Shelling As Peace Talks Proceed.(Street Battle In Heavy Shelling As Peace Talks Proceeded.)和平会谈进行之际巷战依然炮声隆隆。2、To do=future Last Two Beiruit Hostages To Go Free.(The Last Two Hostages In Beir

14、uit Are To Go Free.)贝鲁特最后两名人质“获释在望”。,Florida Freeze To Increase Area Produce Prices.(The Freeze In Florida Is To Increase The Areas Produce Prices.)佛罗里达严寒将使该地区农产品涨价。3、present participle=present progressive现在进行时 Signs Of Rifts Appearing In Argentinas Junta.(The Signs Of Rifts Are Appearing In Argenti

15、nas Junta.)阿根廷军人政府出现内讧迹象。Deposits,Loans Rising In Shanghai.(Deposits And Loans Are Rising In Shanghai.)上海储蓄与贷款额见升。,Abbreviation缩写:graduate（毕业生）grad；hospital（医院）hosp；billion（十亿）bn；percent（百分比）pc；cigarette（香烟）-cig.Weekly Mag For Stamp Lovers To Be Launched Mag=Magazine（杂志）.集邮周刊即将发行。New Groups Boost Hi

16、-Tech Research Hi-Tech=High Technology（高新技术）.新兴集团推动高新技术研究。Aussie=Australian（澳大利亚的）biz=business（商业）champ=champion（冠军）con=convict（罪犯）deli=delicatessen/deliktesn/（熟食）expo=exposition（博览会）homo=homosexual（同性恋）lib=liberation（解放）pro=professional（专业的，职业的）rep=representative（代表）Russ=Russia（俄罗斯）Sec=secretary（秘书

17、）chute=parachute（降落伞）copter=helicopter（直升机）natl=national（全国的）coml=commercial（商业的，广告）ctee=committee（委员会）Cwealth=Commonwealth（英联邦）telly=television（电视机）tech=technology（技术）pix=pictures（电影）vic=victory（胜利）vet=veteran（老兵，老手）,Acronyms缩写词:CPPCC HEAD MEETS RETURNED OVERSEAS STUDENTS IN BEIJING（CPPCCThe Chines

18、e Peoples Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议）AIDS VICTIMS SURGING IN US（AIDSacquired immune deficiency syndrome：后天免疫缺损综合症，即“艾滋病”）PLO SAYS BIG ISRAELI/izreili/DRIVE AHEAD（PLOPalestine Liberation Organization：巴解组织称以色列即将大举进攻1）organizations UNESCOUnited Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultu

19、ral Organization IMFInternational Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）ASEANAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations（东南亚国家联盟）,GATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关贸总协定）WTOWorld Trade Organization（世界贸易组织）OPECOrganization of Pretroleum Exporting Countries（石油输出国组织：“欧佩克”）IOCInternational Olympic Committee（国际奥林匹克

20、委员会）NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局 WHOWorld Health Organization（世界卫生组织）OAUOrganization of African Unity（非洲统一组织）2）common referrings:UFOUnidentified Flying Object DJIDow-Jones Index（道琼斯指数）PCpersonal computer ABManti-ballistic missile（反弹道导弹）PRpublic relations SALTStrategic

21、arms limitation talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDIstrategic defence initiative（战略防御措施）GMTGreenwich Mean Time,3）positions:PMprime minister（总理；首相）GMgeneral manager（总经理）VIPvery important person（贵宾；要人）TPtraffic policeman（交通警察）PApersonal assistant（私人助理）,Midget wordsMidget words or single syllable words frequently appear

22、 in headlines of news for brevity and thrifty.Unions Back Peace Move=support Bus Ban on Pubils after Attack on Crew=ProhibitionTV Airs“facts”on Arms Delivery=make knownOld Well Stars Kong Li=make become a starEg:damage:hit,harm,hurt,ruin,wreck.abandon:drop,give up,quit,skip,yield.explode:blast,crash

23、,ram,smash.aid=assist（帮助；援助）alter=change or modify（改变）askinquire（询问）assail=denounce（谴责）balkimpede（阻碍）check=examine（检查）ban=prohibit or forbid（禁止）bar=prevent（防止；阻止）bareexpose or reveal（暴露；揭露）begincommence（开始）axe=dismissreduce（解雇减少）bid=attempt（努力）boltdesert or abandon（放弃）boost=increase（增加；提高）claim=caus

24、e the death of（夺去的生命）bilkcheat（欺骗）,nix=denydisapprove（否决拒绝）soar=skyrocket（急剧上升）clashdisagree strongly（发生分歧；争议）probeinvestigate（调查）curb=control or restrict（控制）dipdecIine or decrease（下降）easelessen（减轻；缓和）end=terminate（结束；中止）foilprevent from（阻止；防止）grill=investigate（调查）gut=destroy（摧毁）head=direct（率领）flay=

25、criticize（批评）hold=arrest（逮捕）laud=praise（赞扬）flout=insult（侮辱）lopdiminish（下降；减少）map=work out（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappointnominate（命名提名）mootdiscuss（讨论）mull=consider（考虑）nabarrest（逮捕）nip=defeat（击败）opt=choose（选择）wooseek to win（争取；追求）oust=expel（驱逐）peril=endanger（危害；危及）trim=reduce（削减）vie/vai/compete（竞争）sw

26、ay=influence（影响）plot=conspire（预谋；密谋策划）pledge=determine（发誓）rap criticize（批评）rebukecriticize（批评）slaymurder（谋杀）vow=determine（决心；发誓）weighconsider（考虑）plunge=plummet（价格等）暴跌 raid attack（进攻）poiseready for action（作好准备）spur=encourage（激励；鞭策）rout=defeat completely（击溃；打垮）swapexchange（交流；交换）,Single syllable words

27、 accord与agreement，aide与assistant，aim与purpose，rally集会与amass assembly，drive与campaign，talk与negotiation 等。Eg:QUAKE DEATH TOLL MAY TOP 2000（THE DEATH TOLL IN THE EARTHQUAKE MAY EXCEED 2000）地震死亡人数估计已逾两千 NEW GROUPS BOOST HI-TECH RESEARCH（NEW GROUPS PROMOTE HIGH TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH）新兴集团推动高新技术研究 BAKER，JAPAN

28、VISIT OFF，ARMS ISSUE HOT（BAKERs JAPAN VISIT IS OFF AND THE MILITARY WEAPONS ISSUE IS HOT）军备问题争论激烈贝克取消访日之行,acechampion（得胜者）fete=celebration 庆祝（活动）bodycommitteecommission（委员会）flopfailure（失败）blastexplosion（爆炸）clashcontroversy（机构）crashcollision（碰撞；坠毁）GOPGrand 0ld Party（美国）共和党 envoyambassador（大使）fakecoun

29、terfeit（赝品；骗局）aidassistance（帮助）feudstrongdispute（严重分歧）glutoversupply（供过于求）nodapproval（许可；批准）pact=agreementtreaty（条约协议）probeinvestigation（调查）setready（准备）riftseparation（隔离；分离）rowquarrel（争论；争议）stanceattitude（态度）pulloutwithdrawal（撤退；撤离）stepprogress（进程；进步）strifeconflict（冲突；矛盾）freezestabilization（物价、工资等）冻

30、结；平抑pollelectionpublicopinion poll（投票选举民意测验）snagunexpecteddifficulty（意外障碍；意外困难）statementdispute that cannot be settled（僵持；僵局）ties（diplomatic）relations（外交）关系dealagreementtransaction（协议交易）demsdemocrats 民主主义者；民主人士;（美国）民主党党员,Voice Past participle=be+past participle Van Goghs Recovered After Theft.（Van G

31、oghs Are Recovered After The Theft.）梵高名画窃而复得。Father Jailed For Murder Of Daughter.（Father Is Jailed For The Murder Of His Daughter.）谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱。However,active voice is more frequently used than passive voice as active one carries more direct and convincing effect.Only when the object needs paying a

32、ttention will passive voice be applied.eg:“500 Reported Killed In S.Korean Building Collapse”vs:“Collapse Claims 500 Lives In S.Korea”The number seems the key of the issue so as to be put at the front.,Lack of background information Sometimes a story has been in the paper almost everyday for a few d

33、ays,weeks,or months,and the writer assumes the reader would have known some facts and background about it already,in which he or she will leave them out to save space.In such cases a new reader or the paper will find himself at a loss.,标题中的习语和典故,1、典故(Allusion):An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to,or representation of,a place,event,literary work,myth,or work of art,either dir