英语报刊选读.ppt

英语报刊选读.ppt

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Lesson2TheCharacteristicsandUnderstandingofEnglishNewsHeadlines,WhatdoyouthinkofthefollowingHeadlines?

PutinFacesHarshPressCriticismoverTerror普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评OlympicsBegininStyle;SwimmerTakes1stGold奥运盛妆开幕泳将喜夺首金NoFans?

“Nofret！

”赛场没人气？

“咱可没生气!

”JapaneseDashtoUStoSay“Ido”日本情侣蜂拥美利坚牧师面前誓言“我愿意”SingaporeanStarGivesPartofLivertoSaveDyingLover若为爱情故肝脏也可抛狮城上演感人生死恋,CondensedHeadlinesEllipsesSimplifiedtensesAbbreviations缩写oracronyms首字母缩略词MidgetwordsorsinglesyllablewordsVoiceLackofbackgroundinformation,EllipsesInheadlines,asentencecontainsonlythenotionalwords,leavingouttheemptyones,suchasarticles,verbtobe,prepositions,relatives关系词,auxiliaries助动词,andpronouns,andsometimesnotionalwordsoreventhemainclauseprovidedthatthemeaningofthesentenceremains.1、冠词基本省略。

例如：

TenthOfBritishMackerelCatchGroundIntoFeed.（ATenthOfTheBritishMackerelCatchGroundIntoFeed.）英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料。

ThreeGorgesFloodedByFarewellTourists.（TheThreeGorgesFloodedByFarewellTourists.）惜别之情难以挡游客蜂拥至三峡。

Ex-PMmurdered=（The）ItalianEX-PM（is）Murdered,2、联系动词通常省略。

例如：

ThreeDeadAfterInhalingOvenGas.（ThreeAreDeadAfterInhalingOvenGas.）吸入炉灶煤气三人窒息身亡。

ClintonInaugurationMostExpensiveEver.（ClintonInaugurati0nIsM0stExpensiveEver.）克氏就职典礼花费空前巨大。

3、助动词通常省略。

例如：

FinancierKilledByBurglars.（AFinancierIsKilledByBurglars.）夜毛贼入室金融家遇害。

PopeToVisitJapanInFebruary.（PopeIsToVisitJapanInFebruary.）教皇拟于二月访日。

IndiaMendingFences.（IndiaIsMendingFences.）印度正在改善与邻国的关系。

4、连词通常省略，并用逗号代替。

例如：

Us，VietnamResumeTalks.（UsAndVietnamResumeTalks.）美越恢复会谈。

NbcsPresidentRobertWrightSeeksBigAcquisitions,VenturesForTheNetwork.（NbcsPresidentRobertWrightSeeksBigAcquistionsAndVenturesForTheNetwork.）“强有力的伙伴”+“可观的投资”罗伯特董事长为nbc网络扩展而奔走。

BelgiumSupportsFrancs,DeniesItWillQuitSnake.（BelgiumSupportsTheFrancsAndDeniesItWillQuitTheSnake.）比利时支持法郎并否认将退出“蛇形浮动”。

GuangzhouFairCloses,TradeBooms.（TheGuangzhouFairClosesAndTheTradeBooms.）广交会闭幕交易兴旺。

WomanKillsHusband,Self=（A）WomanKillsHerHusbandandHerSelf.,Sometimestobeandotherverbsarereplacedby:

Eg.Mao:

WeShouldSupportThirdWorldCountries=Mao（Says）（That）WeShouldSupport（The）ThirdWorldCountriesYeltsin:

MuslimNationsCallForEndToTensionInBosniaHergezervena.（YeltsinSaysThatMuslimNationsCallForAnEndToTheTensi0nInBosniaHergezervena.）叶利钦说：

穆斯林国家呼吁尽早结束波黑紧张局势。

Shanghai:

ResplendentPearlOfNewChina.（ShanghaIsAResplendentPearlOfNewChina.）上海：

新中国的璀璨明珠。

Nounsareusedtomodifynounswithoutverbsorrelatives.Eg.ChannelTunnelHalt=（The）ChannelTunnel（Project）IsHalted,SimplifiedtensesSimplepresenttenseisappliedtoreportThingshappened:

JewelerIsSlain.Thingshappening:

SchoolAskParentsforMoneyTowardsBooks（DozensofschoolsthroughoutBritainareaskingparentstohelptopayfortextbooksandotherbasicteachingmaterials,accordingtoasurveyintodaysissueofTHETIMESEDUCATIONALSUPPLEMENT）Thingstohappen:

EUPlanstoBoostTrancesRecoveryTodoforfuturetensePekingtoFireTestRockettoSouthPacificChinaFootballTeamtoLeavefor2002WCMainland，TWtotalkeconomy（两岸ECFA（EconomicCooperaionFrameworkAgreement经济合作架构协议）下周首度协商,Pastparticipleforpresenttense:

USCarMarkersViewedasThreatbyEuropeanspasttense:

ColombianSenttoUSforDrugTrialprogressivetense:

BrazilElite/eilit/ForcedtoMakeLoanspresentperfect:

PetrolBombFoundoutsideCardiffConservativeClub,1、Simplepresent=past新鲜感（Freshness）、现实感（Reality），和直接感（Immediacy）。

ComebackGivesChinaASensationalThomasCupWin.（TheComebackGaveChinaASensationalThomasCupWin.）中国队反败为胜荣获汤姆斯杯。

StreetBattleInHeavyShellingAsPeaceTalksProceed.（StreetBattleInHeavyShellingAsPeaceTalksProceeded.）和平会谈进行之际巷战依然炮声隆隆。

2、Todo=futureLastTwoBeiruitHostagesToGoFree.（TheLastTwoHostagesInBeiruitAreToGoFree.）贝鲁特最后两名人质“获释在望”。

FloridaFreezeToIncreaseAreaProducePrices.（TheFreezeInFloridaIsToIncreaseTheAreasProducePrices.）佛罗里达严寒将使该地区农产品涨价。

3、presentparticiple=presentprogressive现在进行时SignsOfRiftsAppearingInArgentinasJunta.（TheSignsOfRiftsAreAppearingInArgentinasJunta.）阿根廷军人政府出现内讧迹象。

Deposits,LoansRisingInShanghai.（DepositsAndLoansAreRisingInShanghai.）上海储蓄与贷款额见升。

Abbreviation缩写:

graduate（毕业生）grad；hospital（医院）hosp；billion（十亿）bn；percent（百分比）pc；cigarette（香烟）-cig.WeeklyMagForStampLoversToBeLaunchedMag=Magazine（杂志）.集邮周刊即将发行。

NewGroupsBoostHi-TechResearchHi-Tech=HighTechnology（高新技术）.新兴集团推动高新技术研究。

Aussie=Australian（澳大利亚的）biz=business（商业）champ=champion（冠军）con=convict（罪犯）deli=delicatessen/deliktesn/（熟食）expo=exposition（博览会）homo=homosexual（同性恋）lib=liberation（解放）pro=professional（专业的，职业的）rep=representative（代表）Russ=Russia（俄罗斯）Sec=secretary（秘书）chute=parachute（降落伞）copter=helicopter（直升机）natl=national（全国的）coml=commercial（商业的，广告）ctee=committee（委员会）Cwealth=Commonwealth（英联邦）telly=television（电视机）tech=technology（技术）pix=pictures（电影）vic=victory（胜利）vet=veteran（老兵，老手）,Acronyms缩写词:

CPPCCHEADMEETSRETURNEDOVERSEASSTUDENTSINBEIJING（CPPCCTheChinesePeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议）AIDSVICTIMSSURGINGINUS（AIDSacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome：

后天免疫缺损综合症，即“艾滋病”）PLOSAYSBIGISRAELI/izreili/DRIVEAHEAD（PLOPalestineLiberationOrganization：

巴解组织称以色列即将大举进攻1）organizationsUNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationIMFInternationalMonetaryFund（国际货币基金组织）ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations（东南亚国家联盟）,GATTGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade（关贸总协定）WTOWorldTradeOrganization（世界贸易组织）OPECOrganizationofPretroleumExportingCountries（石油输出国组织：

“欧佩克”）IOCInternationalOlympicCommittee（国际奥林匹克委员会）NASANationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美国国家航空航天局WHOWorldHealthOrganization（世界卫生组织）OAUOrganizationofAfricanUnity（非洲统一组织）2）commonreferrings:

UFOUnidentifiedFlyingObjectDJIDow-JonesIndex（道琼斯指数）PCpersonalcomputerABManti-ballisticmissile（反弹道导弹）PRpublicrelationsSALTStrategicarmslimitationtalks（限制战略武器会谈）SDIstrategicdefenceinitiative（战略防御措施）GMTGreenwichMeanTime,3）positions:

PMprimeminister（总理；首相）GMgeneralmanager（总经理）VIPveryimportantperson（贵宾；要人）TPtrafficpoliceman（交通警察）PApersonalassistant（私人助理）,MidgetwordsMidgetwordsorsinglesyllablewordsfrequentlyappearinheadlinesofnewsforbrevityandthrifty.UnionsBackPeaceMove=supportBusBanonPubilsafterAttackonCrew=ProhibitionTVAirs“facts”onArmsDelivery=makeknownOldWellStarsKongLi=makebecomeastarEg:

damage:

hit,harm,hurt,ruin,wreck.abandon:

drop,giveup,quit,skip,yield.explode:

blast,crash,ram,smash.aid=assist（帮助；援助）alter=changeormodify（改变）askinquire（询问）assail=denounce（谴责）balkimpede（阻碍）check=examine（检查）ban=prohibitorforbid（禁止）bar=prevent（防止；阻止）bareexposeorreveal（暴露；揭露）begincommence（开始）axe=dismissreduce（解雇减少）bid=attempt（努力）boltdesertorabandon（放弃）boost=increase（增加；提高）claim=causethedeathof（夺去的生命）bilkcheat（欺骗）,nix=denydisapprove（否决拒绝）soar=skyrocket（急剧上升）clashdisagreestrongly（发生分歧；争议）probeinvestigate（调查）curb=controlorrestrict（控制）dipdecIineordecrease（下降）easelessen（减轻；缓和）end=terminate（结束；中止）foilpreventfrom（阻止；防止）grill=investigate（调查）gut=destroy（摧毁）head=direct（率领）flay=criticize（批评）hold=arrest（逮捕）laud=praise（赞扬）flout=insult（侮辱）lopdiminish（下降；减少）map=workout（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappointnominate（命名提名）mootdiscuss（讨论）mull=consider（考虑）nabarrest（逮捕）nip=defeat（击败）opt=choose（选择）wooseektowin（争取；追求）oust=expel（驱逐）peril=endanger（危害；危及）trim=reduce（削减）vie/vai/compete（竞争）sway=influence（影响）plot=conspire（预谋；密谋策划）pledge=determine（发誓）rapcriticize（批评）rebukecriticize（批评）slaymurder（谋杀）vow=determine（决心；发誓）weighconsider（考虑）plunge=plummet（价格等）暴跌raidattack（进攻）poisereadyforaction（作好准备）spur=encourage（激励；鞭策）rout=defeatcompletely（击溃；打垮）swapexchange（交流；交换）,Singlesyllablewordsaccord与agreement，aide与assistant，aim与purpose，rally集会与amassassembly，drive与campaign，talk与negotiation等。

Eg:

QUAKEDEATHTOLLMAYTOP2000（THEDEATHTOLLINTHEEARTHQUAKEMAYEXCEED2000）地震死亡人数估计已逾两千NEWGROUPSBOOSTHI-TECHRESEARCH（NEWGROUPSPROMOTEHIGHTECHNOLOGYRESEARCH）新兴集团推动高新技术研究BAKER，JAPANVISITOFF，ARMSISSUEHOT（BAKERsJAPANVISITISOFFANDTHEMILITARYWEAPONSISSUEISHOT）军备问题争论激烈贝克取消访日之行,acechampion（得胜者）fete=celebration庆祝（活动）bodycommitteecommission（委员会）flopfailure（失败）blastexplosion（爆炸）clashcontroversy（机构）crashcollision（碰撞；坠毁）GOPGrand0ldParty（美国）共和党envoyambassador（大使）fakecounterfeit（赝品；骗局）aidassistance（帮助）feudstrongdispute（严重分歧）glutoversupply（供过于求）nodapproval（许可；批准）pact=agreementtreaty（条约协议）probeinvestigation（调查）setready（准备）riftseparation（隔离；分离）rowquarrel（争论；争议）stanceattitude（态度）pulloutwithdrawal（撤退；撤离）stepprogress（进程；进步）strifeconflict（冲突；矛盾）freezestabilization（物价、工资等）冻结；平抑pollelectionpublicopinionpoll（投票选举民意测验）snagunexpecteddifficulty（意外障碍；意外困难）statementdisputethatcannotbesettled（僵持；僵局）ties（diplomatic）relations（外交）关系dealagreementtransaction（协议交易）demsdemocrats民主主义者；民主人士;（美国）民主党党员,VoicePastparticiple=be+pastparticipleVanGoghsRecoveredAfterTheft.（VanGoghsAreRecoveredAfterTheTheft.）梵高名画窃而复得。

FatherJailedForMurderOfDaughter.（FatherIsJailedForTheMurderOfHisDaughter.）谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱。

However,activevoiceismorefrequentlyusedthanpassivevoiceasactiveonecarriesmoredirectandconvincingeffect.Onlywhentheobjectneedspayingattentionwillpassivevoicebeapplied.eg:

“500ReportedKilledInS.KoreanBuildingCollapse”vs:

“CollapseClaims500LivesInS.Korea”Thenumberseemsthekeyoftheissuesoastobeputatthefront.,LackofbackgroundinformationSometimesastoryhasbeeninthepaperalmosteverydayforafewdays,weeks,ormonths,andthewriterassumesthereaderwouldhaveknownsomefactsandbackgroundaboutitalready,inwhichheorshewillleavethemouttosavespace.Insuchcasesanewreaderorthepaperwillfindhimselfataloss.,标题中的习语和典故,1、典故（Allusion）:

Anallusionisafigureofspeechthatmakesareferenceto,orrepresentationof,aplace,event,literarywork,myth,orworkofart,eitherdir