英语四种基本句式.docx

1、英语四种基本句式英语四种基本句式：陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句 一：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句例句：I am a Student. He goes to school.I am not a boy. He does not go to school.Are you a StUdent? Do you / Does She like English ?What time （is it）,please ? WhiCh is your pen?What day today ?问星期 What date is it today?问日期 含 be/am is are WaS were:ThiS

2、is a book. IS this a book? _ yes, it is / no ,it isnThiS is not a book. What is this ? What this is ?不含be的，借助do/does:I like En glish. I do n Otlike En glish. Do you like En glish? What do you like?She likes En glish. She does no t like En glish. Does She like En glish. What does She like ?提问例词：肯定句转否

3、定句中特殊用法:1.some 变为 any。如：There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如： Would you like some Orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如 SOmethi ng, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and 变为 or。如：I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.You n eed ntWorry about the job

4、 and pay._ You n eed ntWorry about the job or pay. （Don n eed to）3.a lot of （=lots of）变为many（修饰可数n）或much（修饰不可数n）。如：They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）They dont have many friends.There is lots of Orange in the bottle.（不可数名词） There isrlt much Orange in the bottle.4.already 变为 yet。如：I have bee n there al

5、ready. I have nt bee n there yet.I have Sent you the mail already I haven t Sent you the mail yet.二：疑问句questios分类：一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问I.一般疑问句 general questions : yes/no questions 型，一般可由 yes/no 来回答；II.一般疑问句的基本结构：A . be/助/情态动词（be Can do have Will等）+主语+谓语/表语+（其他）,句子要读升调；Eg： Are they your friends？ Can yo

6、u play basketba？ Can you SWim to the other side？ Does he go to school on foo？ Do you like En glish?HaVe you locked the door? Will you be free tonight ? 以上均可用 yes、no 来回答。B:陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在 非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调；Eg： Somebody is With you？ He didn t finish the WOrkYOu are fresh from AmeriCa I suppose?22.一般疑问

7、句的回答：除 yes、no 夕卜，也可用 Certainly，PrObabIy， perhaps，of course, all right，With PIeaSUre 等代替 yes,用 never，not at all 等代替 no；Eg： Ca n you help me? Certai nly.Have you bee n there?33.般疑问句的否定式:Could you PIeaSe make less noise All right，sir. Never.A. 一般结构：系/助/情态动词+not+主语；也可为：系/助/情态动词+主语+not。Eg： Do you not/Don

8、 t you believe me? IS it not / ISn t it a lovely day?Are you not / Aren t you COminW?l you not/Won t you Sit down?IS he not / ISn t he a doctoWill he not/Won t he go With you?Does Helen not /Doesn t Helen like chocc海伦不喜欢巧克力吗？B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问，它常常带有感情色彩；否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些；惊异、赞叹或责难等语气；暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答

9、；表示邀请或建议；Eg： HaVen t you read the newspaper Won t he come 他不来了啊？Shouldn t We Start now WaSri t it an interesting filmWouldn t you Iike to go With m? Won t you have a CUP of coffe?44.一般疑问句否定式的回答：否定的一般疑问句的答语中， yes的含义为 不”，no的含义为 是”，但在回答这类句子时，应该注意 yes后接肯定结构，no后接否定结构，这和汉语习惯不同。Eg： Are you not Mr Smith ? Y

10、es I am.丕，我是 / No, I am not.是的,我不是HaVen t you read this book beforeYes I have不，我读过 / No, I haven 是的，我没有一Don you play CheSS) Yes , I do.不，我下棋 / No, I don 是:的，我不下棋。教你一招：I在这样的答语中，只要根据实际情况来判断，如果事实上是，就用肯定的结构，前面接yes；如果事实上不是，就用否定结构，前面接 no；但此时的yes、no应翻译成反义的中文。2.特殊问句 SPeCiaI questions : Wh-questions 型问句，When

11、. Where. What. Who. Why. Which. Whose.11.特殊疑问句的基本结构：A .特殊疑问词+般疑问句；即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他).Eg: Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话？ How many oran ges Can you See in the PiCtUreWhere did you last See i? What did you eat yesterday? How do you usually go to SChOOI)What Can be done about it? WhiCh are yo

12、urs? What did you say?Who would like to come for a game of football? Why didn t you tell meB:特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词；Eg: WhiCh PreSe nt did you give to whon? When and Where did you meet?C:特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首；Eg： By WhOm is the book Written ? SinCe When have you lived hereD:疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的语序相同 ；Eg: Who is in

13、 the room?谁在房间里？E: “Why一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等，而不能归为特殊问句 ；Eg: Why don t you come earlier Why not go Skiing?为何不去滑雪呢？22.特殊疑问词：疑问代词、疑问副词A.疑问代词：who whom whose WhiCh What指认S指人0指所属关系，做定语后接n指人或物，一定范围、没规定范围的Eg： Who is the girl Under the tree？ Who is not here？Whom are you Writing to ？ Whom do you Want to

14、see？Whose Pen is this？ Whose are those shoesWhiCh girls will be in the SPOrtS meeting? WhiCh hat is lily ？ SWhat Can you See in the picture? What is in the teacher ？ S roomB.疑问畐H词： Whe nwhere Why /how /how old /how many/much/how ofte n soonfarlong问时间 地点 原因方式年龄 多少 频率 速度距离Eg： When will She return ? Wh

15、ere do you come from ?Why are you late for school? How do you usually go to schoo?How old is Jim S little brother How many friends do you have?How far is it from your home to school? How long will you Stay in Beijing?How ofte n do you go to See your gran dpare ntS) How soon will you come baCk)33.特殊疑

16、问句的回答：简略/整句回答，不用yes、noEg： Who has borrowed my bike? Jack. / JaCk has borrowed your bike.When did he borrow my bike? ThiS morning . / He borrowed your bike this morning.Where is he? At the office. / He is at the office.What is he doing there? Work ing. / He is worki ng.Whose bike is this? Mr. Smith 7

17、/ s. It S Mr. Smith S bike.3.选择疑问句：alternative questions提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用 一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由 or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调。Eg： Will you go there by bus or by train? What would you like， COffee or tea?How many PenS do you have， one or two ?11.一般疑问句演化而来的：Eg： IS it right or wrong ? Are they reading,

18、Chatting or WatChing television ?Were you or he there? Do you Want to go there by Iand or by air?22.特殊疑问句演化而来的：Eg： WhiCh do you like better， COffee or milk? What colour is it，red， blue or yellow?Where are you going, to the CIaSSroom or to the library? How shall We go, by Sea or by land?33.or nOt构成的选

19、择疑问句：Eg： Do you Want to buy it or not ? Are you ready or not?44.选择疑问句的回答，非所问语，不用 yes、no,而要用简略或完整的结构来回答Eg： Do you go to work by bus or by bike? By bus. WhiCh would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.55. or连接的选择疑问句，并列部分可为多种成分Eg： 表语，如： Are you an Englishman or an AmeriCan I m from England.状语，如： Is the del

20、egation arriving today or tomorrow ？ Today, I think.宾语，如： Would you like COffee or tea? Tea, please.谓语，如： Shall We WatCh TV or go to the COnCerf I d Prefer to go to the con cert.分句，如： Shall I come to PiCk you UP or shall We meet at the airpor? As you please.4.反意疑问句：disju nctive questio ns是一种常用于口语的疑问

21、句，这种问句由两部分组成，前一部 分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的一简短问句（称为 question tag），中间用逗号隔开，因此，反意 疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果前肯则后否；如果前否则后肯。附加问句一般为 “b助、情态动词+代词”构成，如：Eg： They didn t Cieae CIaSSroom yesterday did they ? ThiS is your ca，isn t ?You re COmingaren t you John doesn t like tedoes he?She Can t SWimCan she? You don t like rock mu，ido yo

22、u ?11.反意疑问句需注意的问题：Eg： 前后代词一致 He is your teache， isn t he Li lei gets UP at SiX in the morning doesn t he 系、情态、助动词借助 Tom has finiShed his homeWork hasn t heShe Went to Shanghai yesterday didn t She含否定词 There S little Water in the bottle is there ?前后双肯或双否，有特殊含义 You sold that lovely bracelet did you ?

23、=I sorry you did.遗憾！22.反意疑问句的语调：通常陈述句部分用降调，附加问句用升调： He can t SWimCan he? Lily likes SPOrtS doesn t Shte对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时，前后都用降调：You don t like rock mui（do you?期望回答：No，I don t.You like rock music don t yo?期望回答：YeS I do.33.反意疑问句的答语：A.般由yes或no引导的简略语来回答，但是要注意时态及代词的呼应Eg： She is your teache，isn t Sh

24、e Yes，She is. / No，She isn t.Li lei gets UP at SiX in the morning doesn t he Yes he is./ No ， he isn t.B在前否定后肯定的，回答语中：yes译成“不是” ，no译成“是的”。Eg： She Can t SWimCan She ? YeS，She can. / No， She Can t.She isn t your teaches she? YeS She is. / No, She isn。t.三.一些特殊问句的反意疑问：1.陈述句是I am 结构，反意问句用aren t或am not II

25、 m rig，htaren ？tI / I m la，team not I？2.陈述句主语是不定代词时， 如果是表物的 everything， anything， something， nothing 时，反意 问 句的主语it ,谓语动词用 单数;女口果是表人的 everybody, every one, somebody, some one, an ybody, anyone, nobody, no one时，反意问句的主语可用they,也可用he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数， 女口： Nothing is serious, is it？ No one WaS hurt, Were they

26、？Everybody knows what I said, don t the？y Everyone knows his job, doesn t h？e3.如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that时，疑问句的主语用it,谓语单数；如果陈述部分的主 语是指示代词these, those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数，如：This is very important，isn ？tit Those are cups，aren t the？y4.如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用 one,在非正式场合用you,如：OneCan t be too car

27、eful, Can e(you)?最认真不过如此了，是吗？5.陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时，疑问部分的主语用 it ,谓语用单数，如：What you said is Wrong, isn ？tit To learn English Well isn , is itt ？easyPraCtiCing speaking English every morning Will do you goo,d Won t i？t6.陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式，如：There is an apple on the table, isn t the？r

28、e There re some trees on the isla,ndaren t the？re7.陈述句谓语动词是 WiSh,表示征求意见时，反意问句用 may,如：I Wish to have another pieCe of Cake, may I？ I Wish to go home noW , may I？8.陈述句句中有 hardly, seldom, rarely, no, nothing, never, little, feW, nobody, noWhere, barely,neither, tootc等表示否定意义的词时，反意问句用肯定式，如：You Will never

29、 forget it ，Will you？ There is nothing on the table，is there？She has feW friends, does she？9.如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀 (前缀或后缀),则将其看成肯定句, 反意问句一般仍用否定式,如 ： He is unfit for his job, isn t h？e That s unfa,irisn t？it10.前句谓语动词为have/has/had to时其疑问部分的谓语动词应用 don t /doesn tdjid如：tHe has to get up at four tomorroW, doe

30、sn t h？e They had to leave early, didn t the？y11.陈述句中的谓语动词为USed to时，其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式，如：He used to live in London, usedn t he/didn ？ t heThere used to be a Cinema here before the Wa,r usedn t there/didn ？tthere12.陈述句中的谓语动词是ought to ,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用 ought/OUghtn 代替，如：SuCh things ought not to be alloWed,

31、ought they？ He ought to be punished, oughtn t h？e或 We ought to go , ought We not？ 或 We ought to go , should We not？13.当陈述部分有dare或need时，若dare和need为实义动词，疑问部分的谓语动词用 do的适当形式；若dare和need为情态动词，疑问部分用dare或need构成，如：We need to do it, dont W？e You daren t go th,eredare you？14.t+含有情态动词must的句子：1）若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测，疑问部分用 aren t/isn主语，如： YOu must be tired aren t yc？2） 前句谓语动词是must have+过去分词时，若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测（一般有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用 didn 主语，如： He must have met her yesterda