工程建设标准强制性条文CPECSB7房屋建筑部分英文版.docx

1、工程建设标准强制性条文CPECSB7房屋建筑部分英文版Chapter VIIStructure appraisal and reinforcement1. Appraisal of structure safety 1.1 General rules GB 50292-19994.1.3 The data adopted for appraisal of safety of structure elements shall meet the following requirements:1 Methods of inspection shall be based on the current

2、national standards. When more than one inspecting method is to be used, a regulation for determining test value shall be agreed before the test is carried out.3 When the detected data are doubtful for any abnormality, the judgement and treatment shall be in accordance with the current rules of the n

3、ational standard; neither adoption nor abandon of data at random is allowed.4.1.6 When performance of material of a structural element is degraded due to environmental effect and other systematic factors relating to time, it is allowed to pick up samples at random, from which 5 10 sample structural

4、elements will be determined as inspecting targets, of which the material strength and other dynamic performances will be detected in accordance with present standard methods.Note： When total elements are fewer than 5, all of them shall be tested one by one. GB 50165-924.1.4 Appraisal of reliability

5、of ancient constructions shall be divided into 4 categories according to the following rules:Category I. The existing damaged or weakened points in the structure that is load-bearing have been already treated correctly and no new damaged or weakened or sign of damaging or weakening are found.Categor

6、y II. Those once damaged or weakened points in load-bearing structure have been already repaired and reinforced, yet there are individual points that have to be treated again; some newly found signs of damage or destroying that need to be further inspected and treated but do not affect safety and us

7、e of the construction.Category III. When the damaged or weakened points are at the critical position of the load-bearing structure, which, or its combination, affect safety and normal use of the structure and is necessary to be reinforced or repaired, yet no immediate danger will happen.Category IV.

8、 The structure is in a danger status either partially or wholly and unexpected accident is possible to happen at any time. Such structure must be repaired immediately.1.2 Concrete Structural elements GB 50292-19994.2.1 Appraisal for safety of concrete structural elements shall be inspected in four i

9、tems: capability of load-bearing; structure; bit shift (or deformation), for which the element is not suitable for use; and cracking. Each inspected element shall be classified by evaluation individually, of which the one has lowest result shall be referred as class of safety.4.2.2 When safety of co

10、ncrete structural element is evaluated per its load-bearing capability, class of each item that is calculated shall be evaluated individually, then the lowest one shall be the base on which safe load-bearing capability is determined.4.2.3 When safety of concrete structural element is evaluated based

11、 on its structure, it should be determined with two items that are being inspected, and the lowest shall be as class of them.4.2.4 When safety of concrete structure is evaluated based on bit shift or deformation that is not suitable to bear load continuously, the following rule shall be observed:1 W

12、hen the actually measured value of deflection of the truss (roof truss, supporting truss) is higher than 1/400 of the span for calculation, the capability of load bearing should be calculated according to 4.2.2 of this standard. When checking computation is being done, the effect of additional stres

13、s due to bit shift shall be considered and evaluation of class shall be based on the following principles:1) If the result of checking computation is not lower than class bu , it can yet classified as class bu, but a limitation of a period for monitoring use shall be added.2) If the result of checki

14、ng computation is lower than class bu, the element shall be classified as class cu or du according to the actual severity. 2. For deflection or deviation due to construction work of other element in bending, they should be evaluated in accordance with rules.4.2.7 when one of the following circumstan

15、ces of a concrete element appears, it shall be classified as class du, despite the size of its cracking:1. Sign shows there is damage due to pressure;2. The element corner edge damaged or lost due to rusting of the main reinforcing bar and concrete covering layer peered off. 1.3 Steel structure elem

16、ents GB 50292-19994.3.2 When safety of a steel structure element (including connection) is evaluated based on load bearing capability, each result of checking computation shall be evaluated individually, then the lowest class shall be adopted as safety class of that element. 1.4 Building block struc

17、ture elements GB 50292-19994.4.2 When safety of a building block structure element is evaluated based on load bearing capability, each result of checking computation shall be evaluated individually, then the lowestclass shall be adopted as safety class of that element.4.4.3 When safety of a building

18、 block is evaluated based on structure, class of two items shall be evaluated respectively, and then the lower one shall be adopted as the safety class of that element.4.4.5 When the load bearing element of a building block has the following forced cracking, it shall be considered as a cracking that

19、 is no longer suitable for load bearing continuously and shall be evaluated as class cu or du according to its severity:1Ends or center parts of Brick wall, brick column under truss, main beam supports have vertical cracking that is broken along the block (trough the block).2Horizontal or inclined c

20、racking appears at the cross section on load bearing wall of vast houses.3Cracking appears at span center or support of a brick built lintel; or, though no visual cracking is seen, a concentrated load focus is discovered within the span extent.Note: Block material is referred to bricks or building b

21、locks.4Cracking, along the arch top main lead or diagonal line, appears at arch surface and shell surface of cylindrical arch, hyperbola cylindrical arch and flat shell.5Inclined cracking, broken along the building block, appears in load bearing wall or adjacent to arch, shell support.6Other signifi

22、cant cracking that is under pressure, in bending, being sheared.4.4.6 When non-forced cracking appears in building block structure or element, such cracking will Be considered as unsuitable for continue to be load bearing ones and should be evaluated as class cu or du according to actual circumstanc

23、es individually:1A through vertical cracking appears at the connection between vertical and horizontal walls.2Serious cracking in wall, of which the width of the biggest cracking is wider than 5 mm.3Cracking in column appears, of which the widest is more than 1.5 mm.4Other cracking that significantl

24、y affects entirety.Note: Non-forced cracking is referred to cracking that is resulted from temperature, contract, deformation or uneven sink of foundation. 1.5 Wooden structure elements GB 50292-19994.5.2 When safety of a wooden structure element is evaluated based on load bearing capability; each c

25、hecking computation item shall be classified for safety, of which the item with lowest safety shall be considered as safety class.4.5.3 When safety of wooden structure element is evaluated based on structure, two items shall be evaluated for classification of safety respectively, of which the lower

26、safety class shall govern.4.5.5 When a wooden structure has the following inclined veining or cracking with a slope of （）， it should be classified as class cu or du according to the severity:for tensile element 10%for bending element 15%for compression element 20% 1.6 Wooden structure of ancient con

27、structions GB 50165-924.1.7 Inspection and evaluation of entirety of wooden structure of ancient constructions shall be carried out in accordance with table 4.1.7 Inspection and appraisal for entirety of wooden structure truss Table 4.1.7Item No.Inspection item Inspection contentLimit of appraisal f

28、or damaged pointsElevated beam formThrough-the-hopper form1Entirely inclined(1) Inclining amount along structure mechanism plane 11H0/120 or1120mm1H0/100 or1150mm(2) Inclining amount along vertical structure mechanism plane 22H0/240 or260mm2H0/200 or275mm2Local incliningRelative bit shift between co

29、lumn head and column foot H/90H/753Linkage between structure mechanismsPresent circumstance of vertical bracing bar and its linking rodDamaged or connection loosened4Linkage between beam and column(including that between plinth and timber and column and purlin)Circumstances of pulling connection and

30、 joggling connectionNo pulling connection, the rabbet drawn out off the mortise with a length longer than the rabbet2/51/25Perfection of rabbet and mortiseMaterialRotted, moth-eatenOther damages Already crackedHorizontal veining pressed with deformationCompress amount beyond 4 mmNote: In the table, H0 represents total height of wood structure mechanism; H represents height of column4.1.18 When one of the following circumstances happens to ancient constructions, the appraisal of reliability shall be judged as category III or IV according to the actual c