高考短文改错知识点总结.docx

1、高考短文改错知识点总结短文改错 考情分析: 1. 词类用法:考查不同词类的不同用法, 与语法填空中的词性转换考点相同。 2. 辨析:只考many与much, here与there, some与any, ago与before等十分常见的词之间的混用, 这些词是稍有语感、不讲自会的, 千万别走入过去凡遇近义词必辨的误区。 3. 其他:指不便归于某一语法项目的考点。 2014课标卷Isomewhereeverywhere 2014课标卷IITheyThere (there be句型写成they be) 2014大纲卷should able toshould be able to (漏掉be,因abl

2、e是形容词, 不能作谓语, 加be) 2013课标卷Iremember muchrememberwell /clearly (习惯修饰语,记得清楚,而非记得非常。) 2013课标卷IIwas drankwas drunk (过去分词拼写错误) 2013大纲卷standstand up (漏掉up) 2012课标卷do wronggo wrong (可列到辨析类) 2012大纲卷Icut offcut down (语境意义) 2011大纲卷Ithink overthink of(语境意义) 2011大纲卷IIso +adj.+ that写成so much +adj. +that (如此以致);m

3、ore than happy写成了better than happy (非常高兴) 命题特点 用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近,好像就是学生的习作。 长度均在100词左右。 这些材料都是记叙文。 新课标卷的设题通常是:1处多1个词,1处少1个词,8处错1个词。 5. 要求考生添加或删除的词通常是虚词。 少了一个词,要求添加的词有: 冠词:in countryside in the countryside(2015课标I) As resultAs a result(2014课标I) 介词:listening musiclistening to music(2014课标II) 连词:He

4、 had, he was He had, and he was(2013课标I) 不定式符号:came see mecame to see me(2007课标) 物主代词:Tom saw parentsTom saw his parents(2015课标II) 多了一个词,要求删除的词有:介词、冠词、连词、助动词、不定式符号to。 冠词:In a factIn fact(2013课标I) all kinds of the flowersall kinds of flowers(2014课标II) 介词:he lent to me lots of clothes he lent me lots

5、of clothes(2011课标) 连词:AlthoughbutAlthough(2014课标I) 不定式符号:had better to stophad better stop(2009课标) 助动词:has brought brought(2010课标) Lots of studies have been shownLots of studies have shown(2015课标I) 副词:so very much thatso much that (2015课标II) 需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。 所有考点都是最基本的语法知识、最常用的单词和短语的意义与用法,以及逻辑

6、意义的连贯。没有超出中学课本中讲的语法内容。即只要掌握课本中讲的语法就足以应对考试了。 短文改错与语法填空的异同: 相同:主要考点基本相同。 名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词。 时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类用法、比较等级。 以上两个方面分别对应语法填空的纯空格题和给词题。 备考内容:主要从以下十个方面入手。 考点1:名词的数与格 在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of 等词语后,或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们,本应接复数可数

7、名词的,但文中却用了单数。如: For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and(hourhours)2014课标II 像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等绝对不可数名词是没有复数形式的,但在文中却用了复数。如: It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggageslu

8、ggage)2011课标 本应用名词的所有格的,但文中没有用。如: When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friendmy friends)2011课标 考点2:指代一致 上下文的人称不一致。如: Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (themus) 2011大纲 上下文的单复数不一致。如: both of them have similar

9、 ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (himthem)2014大纲 上下文的性别不一致。如: Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (himher) 2010大纲 人称代词格的误用。如: Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qing

10、dao with them (Ime)2007课标 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如: He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (从句主语which是指the voice, 这种声音使“他”与别人分离, 故改himself为him)2013课标I 考点3:冠词 基本用法:单数可数名词前,表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用a或an;表示特指时用the。如: In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long timea long time)2010大纲

11、 Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should (athe,特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)2012大纲 So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (thea) 2013大纲 固定短语中多用或少用冠词。如: In a fact, he even scared my classmates away (In a factIn fact)2013课标I As resul

12、t, the plants are growing everywhere. (As resultAs a result) 2014课标 考点4:介词 常用介词的错用。如: Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的时间) 2014课标II 固定词组中的介词误用。如: and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (with the help of在的帮助下) 2014课标I

13、固定词组中的介词漏用。如:(拓展) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (listen to听) 2014课标II 考点5:连词 although/though/while不与but连用;since /as/because不与so连用。如: Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease (去掉but或改为yet)201

14、4课标I and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如: The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( butand,前后没有转折关系) 2014大纲 and与or。 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. (orand)2010大纲 Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week

15、(andor)2012大纲 so与or。 We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (so因此or否则) 2013四川after与before。 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. (BeforeAfter逻辑)2013陕西which与what。 That is which other teachers say. (whichwhat所的) 2013辽宁 多用或少用连词。如: With

16、 little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. (去掉so)2013辽宁 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if后加what)2010大纲 错用that引导非限制性定语从句。如: Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served u

17、ntil 8 oclo ck at night. (thatwhich)2013课标II 考点6:时态一致 上下文的谓语动词都是过去时,突然出现一个现在时。如: She used to hold me I was only four when she passes away. (passespassed) 2013课标I 上下文的谓语动词都是现在时,突然出现一个过去时。如: Since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing e

18、verywhere. (had has) 2014课标I 此外,无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,都要注意在平行结构中,动词形式的一致性,即“平行一致”。如在A and B或A, B and C中,A, B, C的形式要一致。如: both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other (trustingtrust)2014大纲 考点7:主谓一致 行为动词:主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时,其后加s。如: My dream school look like a big garden. ( looklooks,主语是My dream

19、school) 2014课标II have动词:主语是第三人称单数时,have的现在时(一般现在时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时,现在时用have,过去时用had。 Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroad. (havehas,主语是Li Ming,注意:with sb.或together with sb.等介词短语是不能作主语的)(简单复习主谓一致) be动词:主语是第三人称单数时,be的现在时(一般现在时,现在进行时)用is,过去时(一般过去时,过去进行时)用was。主语是I,用am或was;主

20、语是you或复数,用are或were。如: the only clothes I had was those I had on. (waswere,主语是the only clothes)2011课标 考点8:非谓语动词 一般说来,句中已有谓语动词,再出现动词,其前面又没有并列连词and ,but or时,该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分,以及它与逻辑主语的关系,来确定用具体的形式。 作主语或宾语不能用动词原形,通常改为ing形式或不定式。如: Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lun

21、ch and dinner (HaveHaving)2013课标II熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。如: Last year, she decided study abroad. (studyto study,因decide to do sth.)2010大纲 介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。如: He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talktalking,在介词at后) 2013大纲 I look forward to see her again in th

22、e near future. (seeseeing,在介词to后)2010大纲 一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。如: She used to holding me on her knees (holdinghold,因used to do sth.) 2013课标I Well, I had better to stop now. (to stopstop,因had better do sth.)2009课标 make their friendship to last long. (to lastlast,因make sb. do sth.)2014大纲 根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来

23、确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式。如: We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (havehaving,因we与have是主动关系)2014陕西 Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake (FeltFeeling,因we与feel是主动关系)2013陕西 别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。如: but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位语my best frie

24、nd, 显然,主语是Mary, 谓语是ask, 由前句谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故改asking 为asked)2013四川 考点9:词类的用法 形容词作定语、表语、补语, 但短文中却用了副词或名词。如: We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (wonderfullywonderful,作tomatoes的定语)2014课标I The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (tastetasty,作表语)2014课标I I found the test difficul

25、ty, but I tried hard to do it. (difficultydifficult作补语) 2013四川 副词作状语,修饰动词、形容词、全句,但短文中却用了形容词。如: Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. (InterestingInterestingly,修饰全句) 2013课标II It was real a nice experience. (realreally,修饰动词was)2011大纲II 名词作主语、宾语, 但短文中却用了形容词、动词等。如: He

26、 has ruined his healthy. (healthyhealth,作ruined的宾语) 2013辽宁 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. (growgrowth,作介词for的宾语)2013课标II 冠词,介词,形容词性物主代词,形容词后用名词。 -ed与-ing形容词的用法区别:-ing令人的(多为事);-ed (人)感到的。如: I am awfully tiring (tiringtired,因我感到累)2013浙江 My friend Nick told me a story about his exper

27、ience back in the US, which was very interested. (interestedinteresting,指他的故事是“令人有趣的”)2010课标 考点10:常用词辨析 只考here与there, some与any, ago与before, many与much, very much与very或much, beside与besides, ever与never, either与neither, used to do sth.与be used to (doing) sth.等十分常见的词语之间的辨析。千万别遇到近义词就辨析,步入复习的岐途。如: Nearly f

28、ive years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (beforeago,相对说话时多久以前, 用ago;相对过去的某个时间或动作在多久之前才用before)2014课标I We dont ne ed to do so many homework. (manymuch,修饰不可数名词homework, 用much) 2014课标II The fruits are smallThere are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. (much many,替

29、代可数名词fruits, 用many) 2014课标I Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. (BesideBesides,因beside是介词, 意为“在的旁边”;而besides作介词时,意为“除之外”,作副词, 意为“此外, 而且”。注意,凡是介词,其后 一定有宾语。而此处没有宾语,一定是用副词) 2014辽宁 再次提醒: 凡是用一两句话辨别不清的,或者说老师也要查资料才能弄清楚的,甚至去年查过资料,今年又得查资料才讲得清楚的那些所谓的同义词或近义词之间的辨析,是绝对不会考的。万万不可在这里浪费时间,用辨析的这

30、几分钟去多读一遍英语短文或故事,享受其中的快乐吧。 此外,多用be或少用be是写作中常见的错误,因此短文改错中可能出现。记住:作谓语的是行为动词时,如果不是进行时态或被动语态,不用be;如果句中谓语没有动词,但汉语意思又完整了时,要用be。如: Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain! (因looked like中looked 本身就是系动词, were是多余的, 应当去掉)2014陕西 So real friendship should able to stand al

31、l sorts of tests. (因情态动词后要接动词原形, 而其后的able是形容词, 虽然意义完整, 还是要加be) 2014大纲 又如,I very busy.(我很忙。)虽然汉语意思完整,但句中busy是形容词,无动词,要在I后加am。At that time, we in the classroom. (那时我们在教室里。)虽然汉语意思完整,但句中无动词,要加be,即在we 后加were。 解题指导 解题前,须明确: 一个词:因只是多一词、少一词、错一词,因此,需要增加、减少、改动的都只是一个词。 四不改:不要求考生改标点符号、大小写、词序、纲外词,这四个方面不必考虑。 解题中,可按以下步骤: 浏览全文,掌握大意。 这一步非常重要,涉及单词和短语意思的题,以及上下文逻辑是否通顺的改连词的题,不明白上下文