初高中英语通用句子成分及基本句型.docx

1、初高中英语通用句子成分及基本句型初高中通用句子成分及基本句型Part One分析下列英文句子的成分1 The dish tastes delicious.2 He bought me a useful book.3 They are working in a field.4 Eating too much is bad for your health.5 We students should work hard.6 I made my mother laugh.Part Two分析下列句子的基本句型1 He works in a factory.2 They did nothing this

2、morning.3 Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.4 I found it difficult to learn English well.5 I felt cold.Part Three1. The meeting _(take) place next week is sure to be a great success.2. _(inspire鼓舞) by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds.3. Its no good _(wait) here. Lets go home.4

3、. I listened to the wind, _(think) that he would not come tonight.5. As a result of my laziness, I failed _(finish) my work in time.Part One 句子成分为什么要学句子成分？因为你会遇到主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句。不学会句子成分，你可能遇到的只有一种从句，“你不会的”从句。英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化

4、。这三个语句除了行为者“I”的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。句子成分详解一览表句子成分意义及位置例句主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。Time tries all thing. (时间检验一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree.Her

5、 parents are both workers.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。）定语用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。

6、The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难见真情。）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.宾语补足语宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词

7、语。在被修饰词后。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.Part Two 简单句的五种基本句型为什么要学基本句型?因为看出了句子的基本句型，就相当于看到了它的骨架。高中句式比较复杂，只有把多余的肉剔掉，看出骨架，我们才能更好的理解意思。另外，不学基本句型，你在表达的时候可能会出现两个主语，或者两个谓语的情况。如果主语是你的头，谓语是你的身子，那么请想象一下你长了2个头或者2个身子的样子。句型种类主语谓语部分谓语动词表语宾语宾补1. S + Vi.主语+不及物动词Birdsfly.2. S + Vt. + O主语+及物动词+宾语H

8、eplaysthe piano.3. S + V. + C主语+系动词+表语Weare（系动词）friends.4. S + Vt. + InO + Do主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Igave him a pen（间宾）（直宾）5. S + Vt. + O + Oc主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Tommademe cry.1. 主语 + 不及物动词（ + 状语）状语 主语不及物动词状语（In 2003,)The first bookcame outin 2003We didnt goto the cinema yesterday.Last week,I wentto Guilin fo

9、r my holiday.2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （+ 状语）状语主语及物动词宾语状语（Yesterday)Iboughta very good bookyesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHe wrotea bookin senior high school.3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （+ 状语）主语系动词表语状语These booksaregreat.Tom ishappytoday.4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

10、 （+ 状语）状语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语状语His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherboughtmea very good bikeon my birthday.Last week,my auntsentmea box of chocolate.5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （+ 状语）主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语状语We can help youdevelop new skills.I dont wantyouto worktoo hard.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.Part Three 谓语与非

11、谓语动词知道动词吗？以为句子里面的动词都是谓语吗？ No, no, no(一) 原则原则一：在一个句子， 一般一个主语应配套一个谓语， （并列谓语除外），如一个主语后跟了两个动词， 就应该有一个是谓语动词， 一个应该是非谓语动词，这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动” 例：(1) I went to the bookshop to buy some books. 谓语 非谓语(2) He enjoys playing basketball. 谓语 非谓(3) I sing and play my favourite songs. 并列谓语原则二：谓语动词体现的时态，与时间状语有关 非谓语与时态无关(

12、1) He enjoys reading books every day. 谓语（现在时） 非谓语 现在时标志时间状语(2) He enjoyed reading books last year. 谓语（过去时） 非谓语 过去时标志时间状语原则三：谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十六种基本时态（含被动） 而非谓语只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）to do , doing , done (1) He finished reading the novels. 过去时 doing (2) He has something to be sent. 现在时 to do被动(3) They were r

13、ebuilding the damaged house. 过去进行时 done (4) Kate had found the missing boy. 过去完成时 doing (5) Having realized the secret, he was angry. Doing 完成 过去时原则四：谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的。(1) The damaged house was in ruins. 非谓（过去分词） 谓语（过去时）(2) He played the songs written by JouJou. 谓语（过去时） 非谓（过去分词） (二) 非谓语动词用法非谓语动

14、词主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is not allowed here. (抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)(2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未

15、完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting. (经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. (经验)(3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2. 不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1) 不定式作表语1 不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things at a time is to do neither. What I would sugges

16、t is to start work at once.2 如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living. 工作就是为了生活。3 如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. The

17、most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (2) 动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people. His hobby is collecting stamps. (3) 分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语这类词常见的有：Travelling is interesting but tiring. The pupils will get confused if they are

18、made to learn too much. The argument is very convincing. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1) 不定式做宾语和宾语补足语下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 (2) 有少数动词或短语只能用动名词作宾语，如：(3) 有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1 下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同：2 在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代

19、词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。We dont allow smoking in the classroom.We dont allow students to smoke.3 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.4. 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1) 不定式作定语He was the first/last one to leave school y

20、esterday. The train to arrive was from London. Get him something to eat. She has a lot of work to do in the morning. I need a pen to write with. There is nothing to worry about. His wish to buy a car came true. Their decision to give up the experiment(实验) surprised us. He is always the first to come

21、 and the last to leave. (2) 分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点：注：下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3) 不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系5. 不定式和分词作状语的区别He went out (shut) the door behind him.His fam

22、ily was too poor (support) him. (give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.The boy is not tall enough (reach) the book shelf. (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. (face) difficulties, we must try to overcome them.6. 非谓语动词常考的其它结构(1) 疑问词+不定式结构When to start has not been

23、 decided. I dont know what to do. The difficulty was how to cross the river. I can tell you where to get this book. I am thinking of how to do it.(2) 不带to的不定式1 在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：2 另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。Let him do it.I would have you know that I am ill. 3 在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:H

24、e was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence(栅栏) at this season. 4 在do nothinganythingeverything but(except)结构中。Last night I did nothing but watch TV. 7. 非谓语动词中的有关句型(1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good

25、 objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football. 打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释是浪费时间。(2) It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. It is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again. 真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper. 晚饭后弈棋挺好。It

26、is expensive running this car. 开这种小车是浪费。Part One 用下划线把句子中的主语划出来。 用下划线把句子中的谓语划出来。用下划线把句子中的宾语划出来。 用下划线把句子中的表语划出来。用下划线把句子中的定语划出来。 用下划线把句子中的状语划出来。用下划线把句子中的宾语补足语划出来。 用下划线把句子中的同位语划出来。 Part Two 判断下列句子属于哪种句子基本结构类型。1. We have four seasons. 2. They are quite different. 3. Spring is warm and sunny. 4. We fly k

27、ites. 5. We like summer. 6. Ice cream tastes nice. 7. Autumn arrives. 8. He bought a T-shirt. 9. Jay named his dog Bobby. 10. She looks lovely. 11. He gave Mary a present. 12. The teacher is marking the tests. 13. I find the kite interesting. Part Three1. I remained _(puzzle) long after I had been t

28、old the story.2. Will you lend him a magazine _(read).3. We then listened to the child _(read) the article _(write) on the blackboard.4. _(give) such a chance, why dont you have a try5. “Do you mind my _(open) the door?” “Go ahead.”6. I came into the classroom, _(find) my seat and sat down to read.7

29、. I am tired and I dont feel like _(walk) any further.8. She did nothing but _(take) a walk in the street.9. It is a problem that doesnt need _(solve) right now.10. I had my handbag _(steal) last week. 总结优化一、指出下列句中谓语1. Mr. Brown came to China last year 2. He has finished his home work. 3. He didnt go to school yesterday.4. He walked into the room and sat down. 5. Jame went home,opened the door ,turned on TV and sat down. 6. My mother made me stay at home all day.7. He enjoys walking around