清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解.docx

1、清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)Directions ： There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and

2、 D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increas

3、ed dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expanding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)*When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar

4、with the trading range.Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual rep

5、ort back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today， however, the equation is completely differentdespite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backe

6、d by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of t

7、he general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book v

8、alue was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand arou

9、nd $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain ofnearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased, from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the

10、 companys share repurchase program.16. This passage is probably a part of A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become RicherC. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies17. The italicized word“ stagnant，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressi

11、ng Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because .A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19. All the following are shared by W

12、al-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.C Both businesses have continued to grow D. The stock price has greatly decreased20. According to the author，one had better A. buy more shares when the stock price falls downB. sell out the shar

13、es when the stock price falls downC. do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD. invest in the business when its stock price falls down Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：Todays college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）and self-centered than th

14、eir predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.u We need to stop endlessly repeating Youre special and having children repeat that back”，said the studys lead author，Professor Jea

15、n Twenge of San Diego State University, “Kids are self-centered enough already “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he said The study asserts that narcissists “ are more likely to have romantic rel

16、ationships that are short-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，. Twenge, the author of “Generation Me： Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitledand More Miserable Than Ever Be

17、fore”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*Some analysts have commended todays young people for increased commitment to volunteer work But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schools requir

18、e community service %and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “ Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “ A potential antidote would be more

19、 authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle

20、 refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader

21、said “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships”.Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “ People are worried about themselvesbut in the sense of where are theyre goin

22、g to find a place in the world”，she said “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesnt mean theyre not concerned about the rest of the world” ； Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome，Dalane said. “ It would be more depressing if people answere

23、d, 4 No, Im not special，21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may - ，A. hate criticism B. be dishonest to his/her partnerC, be unwilling to help others D； All the above 22. The italicized word “ commended” (line 1, Para. 3) means A. praised B. criticized C recommended D. disfavored23. W

24、hich of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in sel

25、f-promotion.24. It is implied that A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college studen

26、ts are pessimistic about their future25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m specialA. objective B. pessimistic C optimistic D. worriedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalan

27、ce the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries* 4iThe Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂 majority of vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board t

28、o oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completedRepresentatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business

29、 groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization, its about protecting rights”，said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill St

30、raczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “ Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of il

31、legal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot would not be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employer

32、s. “ On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2