清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解.docx

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解.docx

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清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识讲解

清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试

英语试题

PartIListeningComprehension（15points）（略）

PartIIReadingComprehendon（40%）

Directions：

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispartEachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfin¬ishedstatements.ForeachorthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B,CandD*YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetQuestions16to20arebasedonthefoUowingpassage：

Sometimes，overaspanofmanyyears，abusinesswillcontinuetogrow，generatingever-increasinga-mountsofcash，repurchasingstock，payingincreaseddividends，reducingdebt，openingnewstores，expan¬dingproductionfacilities，movingintonewmarkets，etc.，whileatthesametuneitsstockpriceremainsstagnant（orevenfalls）*

Whenthishappens，theaverageandprofessionalinvestorsaliketendtooverlookthecompanybecausetheybecomefamiliarwiththetradingrange.

Take，forexample，Wal-MartOverthepastfiveyears，theretailingbehemothhasgrownsalesbyover80%,profitsbyover100%，andyetthestockpricehasfallenasmuchas30%duringthattimeframe.Clearly,thevaluationpicturehaschangedAninvestorthatreadtheannualreportbackin2000or2001mighthavepassedonthesecurity，deemingittooexpensivebasedonametricsuchasthepricetoearningsratio.Today，however,theequationiscompletelydifferent~despitethestockprice,Wal-Martis,inessence,tradingathalfitsformerpricebecauseeachshareisbackedbyalargerdividend,twicetheearningspower,morestores，andabiggerinfrastructure.HomeDepotisinmuchthesameboat，largelybecausesomeWallStreetanalystsquestionhowfasttwooftheworld’slargestcompaniescancontinuetogrowbeforetheirsheersizeslowsthemdowntotherateofthegeneraleconomy.

Coca-Colaisanotherexcellentexampleofthisphenomenon.Tenyearsago，in1996,thestocktradedbetweenarangeof$36.10and$54.30pershare.Atthetime,ithadreportedearningspershareof$1.40andpaidacashdividendof$0.50pershare.Corporatepersharebookvaluewas$2.48.Lastyear,thestocktradedwithinarangeof$40.30and$45.30pershare；squarelyinthemiddleofthesameareaithadbeennearlyadecadeprior!

Yet，despitethestagnantstockprice，the2006estimatesValueLineIn¬vestmentSurveyestimatesforearningspersharestandaround$2.16（ariseof54%），thecashdividendhasmorethandoubledto$1.20,bookvalueisexpectedtohavegrownto$7.40pershare（againof

nearly300%），andthetotalnumberofsharesoutstanding（未偿付的，未完成的）hasactuallydecreased,from2.481billiontoanestimated2,355billionduetothecompany'ssharerepurchaseprogram.

16.Thispassageisprobablyapartof•

A.FindHiddenValueintheMarketB.BecomeRicher

C.GetGoodBargainsD.IdentifyGoodCompanies

17.Theitalicizedword“stagnant’，（line3，Para.1）canbebestparaphrasedas•

A.prominentB.terribleC.unchangedD.progressingWal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause.

A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoods

B.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful

C.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcy

D.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies

19.AllthefollowingaresharedbyWal-MartandCoco-ColaEXCEPT•

A,Thecashdividendhasincreased.B.Theearningpowerhasbecomestronger.

CBothbusinesseshavecontinuedtogrow^D.Thestockpricehasgreatlydecreased

20.Accordingtotheauthor，onehadbetter•

A.buymoreshareswhenthestockpricefallsdown

B.sellouttheshareswhenthestockpricefallsdown

C.dosomeresearchonthevalueofabusinesswhenitsstockpricefallsdown

D.investinthebusinesswhenitsstockpricefallsdown

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage：

Today’scollegestudentsaremorenarcissistic（自恋的）andself-centeredthantheirpredecessors,ac¬cordingtoacomprehensivenewstudybyfivepsychologistswhoworrythatthetrendcouldbeharmfiiltopersonalrelationshipsandAmericansociety.

uWeneedtostopendlesslyrepeating‘You’respecial'andhavingchildrenrepeatthatback”，saidthestudy’sleadauthor，ProfessorJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversity,“Kidsareself-centeredenoughal¬ready“Unfortunately，narcissismcanalsohaveverynegativeconsequencesforsociety,includingthebreakdownofcloserelationshipswithothars”，hesaidThestudyassertsthatnarcissists“aremorelikelytohaveromanticrelationshipsthatareshort-lived，atriskforinfidelity,lackemotionalwarmtb，andtoexhibitorgame-playing，dishonesty,and.over-controllingandviolentbehaviors，，.Twenge,theauthorof“GenerationMe：

WhyToday’sYoungAmericansAreMoreConfident,Assertive,Entitled~andMoreMiserableThanEverBefore”，saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy，reactaggressivelytocriticismandfavorself-promotionoverhelpingothers*

Someanalystshavecommendedtoday’syoungpeopleforincreasedcommitmenttovolunteerworkButTwengeviewedeventhisphenomenonskeptically，notingthatmanyhighschoolsrequirecommunityservice%

andmanyyouthsfeelpressuretolistsuchendeavorsoncollege*applications.

Campbellsaidthenarcissismupsurgeseemedsopronounced（非常明显的）thathewasunsureiftherewereobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobeacomponent”，hesaid“Apotentialantidotewouldbemoreauthoritativeparenting*Lessindulgencemightbecalledfor”

Yetstudents,whileacknowledgingsomelegitimacytosuchfindings,don'tnecessarilyacceptnegativegeneralizationsabouttheirgeneration.

HanadyKader，aUniversityofWashingtonsenior，saidsheworkedunpaidlastsummerhelpingresettlerefugeesandconsidersmanyofherpeerstobecivic-mindedButsheisdismayed（气傻；灰心、）bythecom¬petitivenessofsomestudentswhoseemprematurelyfocusedoncareerstatus*“We，reencouragedalottobeindividualsandgooutthereanddowhatyouwant,andnobodyshouldstandinyourway”，Kadersaid“Icanseegoalsandambitionsgettinginthewayofotherthingslikerelationships”.

KariDalane，aUniversityofVermontsophomore,saysmostofhercontemporariesarepoliticallyactiveandnotoverlyself-centered“Peopleareworriedaboutthemselves—^butinthesenseofwherearethey’rego¬ingtofindaplaceintheworld”，shesaid“Peoplewanttolooktheirbest,haveagoodtime,butitdoesn’tmeanthey'renotconcernedabouttherestoftheworld”；Besides,someoftheresponsesonthenarcissismtestmightnotbeworrisome，Dalanesaid.“Itwouldbemoredepressingifpeopleanswered,4No,I’mnotspecial，，，•

21.Accordingtothepassage，anarcissisticpersonmay-，

A.hatecriticismB.bedishonesttohis/herpartner 

C,beunwillingtohelpothersD；Alltheabove

22.Theitalicizedword“commended”（line1,Para.3）means

A.praisedB.criticizedCrecommendedD.disfavored

23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Narcissismmayresultinbadconsequences-

B.Collegestudentsareactivetoparticipateinvolunteerwork.

C.Somepeopledoubtwhetherthereareremediestocounterthenarcissismupsurge.

D.Somecollegestudentsareoverlyengagedinself-promotion.

24.Itisimpliedthat•

A.boththeresearchersandcollegestudentsareworriedaboutthetrendofnarcissism

B.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonthefindingsofthestudy

C.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonsomeofthefindingsofthestudy

D.collegestudentsarepessimisticabouttheirfuture

25-Itispropertobewhenyouhearsomeonesay“I，mspecial'

A.objectiveB.pessimisticCoptimisticD.worried

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage：

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries*4i

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollecting狂majorityofvotecards，insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection，whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebillTheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness，theU.S,ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionization,it’saboutprotectingrights”，saidtheNationalAssocia¬tionofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobillStraczewskisayselimina¬tingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（强迫：

胁迫）fromunions,

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t”，SamuelsaidHecitesthe31,358casesofillegalem¬ployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby，thesecretballotwouldnotbee-liminatedThechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheem¬ployers.“Ontheground，thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebe¬tweennightandday”，saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（规定，条款）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2