1、主句+引导词(连接词)+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素1.引导宾语从句的连接词(从属连接词和连接代词);2.宾语从句的语序;3.宾语从句的时态(一)连接词(引导词)1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. He said (that) he missed us very much.2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked th
2、e present.一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.做主语:whether he will come is not decided.3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, wh
3、ere, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked the new studentswhichclass he was in. I wonderwherehe got so much money.He asked who could answer the question.Do you know whom they are waiting for.Please tell me when we will have a meetingCould you tell me how i can get to the bus stationW
4、ould you tell me why the train is late【注意】由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents.I dont know how to do with the presents.练习:Can you tell me how i can get to the station(二)语序 宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”(正常的主谓语序)eg: Please tell me where i can buy the beau
5、tiful flowers. Do you know what the population of China is注意事项:当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变,Whatswrong(with you)thematterhappeningeg:Idontknowwhatsmatter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere翻译句子完成下列宾语从句:Please_.(我们什么时候开会)_.(他在哪儿)Could_.(我该怎么去车站)4.Would_(为什么火车迟到了)5.wantto_.(他是否跟我们一起去公园)6.Askhim(他是否能来)7.dont
6、_.(是否要下雨答案:1.Pleasewhenwearegoinghaveameeting.heiswaystationwhytrainlate(为什么火车迟到了)whetherwillgoparkwithus.(他是否跟我们一起去公园)ifcancome.itrain(ornot).(是否要下雨)(三)、时态如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任何时态。think(that)right.uswe willfishingtomorrow.DoMr.Smithmovedhere如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将
7、来时,过去完成时)。Eg:HetoldthatwasborninBeijing1992.saidwouldbackU.S.soon.特殊情况:1.从句说明的是客观真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,仍用一般现在时。Dadbetterdothansay.boythreeandsix.bookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。Theteachershe1960.2.即学即练子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。TheseflowersfromGuangdong.said._theseLighttravelsfastersound.Myme._light
8、Therebemeetingfivedays.Jackdidntknow.did not_there_theyspeakFrenchknow.French.ArechildrenplayinggamesTellgames.HavefinishedyourhomeworkyetZhaoaskedMaChaoChaoyet.HowmanypeopleseepictureWhoknowsknows8.Wheredidhercarknow三、其他需要说明的问题:a.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:(一主二宾三不
9、变)“Mayuseknife?”HeHemightmyknife.“Dotelephonenumber?number.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。givetalkItalk.know?doesliveDolives四、宾语从句和状语从句的区分:eg. 1) I will go out tomorrowif it is fine. 2) I dont knowif the train has arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词
10、dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法:可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当的时候”。从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在
11、时表示将来。1. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it2. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. Whether B. where C. what D. when3. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you.A. if, whether B. whether, whethe
12、r C. if, That D. if, If4. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings in B. where is in their stockingsC. where is their stocking in D. what in their stockings五、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。Sheagreedcouldhelpmaths.She2.当主句的谓语动词是know,lea
13、rn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。sweatershouldbuy.Ibuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。Couldhowgetpark4.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语宾
14、补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。foundwalletlay/waslyingonground.lie/lyingground.5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,consider,fancy,guess等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。I dont think you are right.I dont believe they have finished their work
15、yet.课 堂检 测巩固练习1.Havedecided_forAustraliaA.leaveB.C.D.2.Can_Tomlive livedlives D.lives3.Theoldman_.cinema4.Ilikehim.5.Icomeornot.weatherhow6 .Iwondermuchcostshoes7.She.8.Ask_.whosecupthis9.Idontwhattimemoviestartsmoviestart10.Thedoctorlongillbeenhadill11.Theforecastdoesntsay_.rainstomorrowtomorrow12.
16、Do_penwhombelong13.Couldtape14.Theyhospitalcrying15.TonywantedFatherChristmasputhisstocking16.Noone_professorourschooltalknot.17.Julydidntknow_.Timsfatherfirstwatchmadewrong18.No_,soneedhelp.19.Werubbishpollutesoutlandsea.20.Hefindsenderofmoneyoutmoney1.参考答案D你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗?宾语从句用陈述语序。参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,where作从句的宾语。参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序,where表示地点。参考答案A
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