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主句+引导词(连接词)+宾语从句
二、宾语从句三要素
1.
引导宾语从句的连接词(从属连接词和连接代词);
2.
宾语从句的语序;
3.
宾语从句的时态
(一)连接词(引导词)
1、
连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
eg.Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.
Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.
2、
连词if
、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg.Tomdon’tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.
一般情况下,if
和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
②在介词前:
Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.
③与ornot连用:
Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.
做主语:
whetherhewillcomeisnotdecided.
3、
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,
它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg.Theteacheraskedthenewstudents
which
classhewasin.
Iwonder
where
hegotsomuchmoney.
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor.
Pleasetellmewhenwewillhaveameeting
Couldyoutellmehowicangettothebusstation
Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate
【注意】由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.
→
Idon’tknowhowtodowiththepresents.
练习:
Canyoutellmehowicangettothestation"
(二)语序
宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”(正常的主谓语序)
eg:
Pleasetellmewhereicanbuythebeautifulflowers.
DoyouknowwhatthepopulationofChinais"
注意事项:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变,
What’s
wrong(withyou)"
the
matter"
happening"
eg:
I
don’t
know
what’s
matter.
Can
you
tell
me
who
is
over
there"
翻译句子
完成下列宾语从句:
Please
_______________________.
(我们什么时候开会)
_______________.
(他在哪儿)
Could
______________________.
(我该怎么去车站)
4.
Would
_________________(为什么火车迟到了)
5.
want
to
_____________________.
(他是否跟我们一起去公园)
6.
Ask
him
(他是否能来)
7.
don'
t
___________________________.(是否要下雨
答案:
1.Please
when
we
are
going
have
a
meeting.
he
is"
way
station"
why
train
late"
(为什么火车迟到了)
whether
will
go
park
with
us.
(他是否跟我们一起去公园)
if
can
come.
it
rain
(or
not).(是否要下雨)
(三)、时态
如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任何时态。
think
(that)
right.
us
wewill
fishing
tomorrow.
Do
Mr.
Smith
moved
here"
如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,
过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
Eg:
He
told
that
was
born
in
Beijing
1992.
said
would
back
U.S.soon.
特殊情况:
1.从句说明的是客观真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,仍用一般现在时。
Dad
better
do
than
say.
boy
three
and
six.
bookshop
is.
2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。
The
teacher
she
1960.
2.[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
These
flowers
from
Guangdong.
said.
_______
these
Light
travels
faster
sound.
My
me.
_____
light
There
be
meeting
five
days.
Jack
didn’t
know.
didnot
______
there
____
they
speak
French"
know.
French.
Are
children
playing
games"
Tell
games.
Have
finished
your
homework
yet"
Zhao
asked
Ma
Chao
Chao
yet.
How
many
people
see
picture"
Who
knows"
knows
8.
Where
did
her
car"
know"
三、
其他需要说明的问题:
a.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;
如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;
如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
(一主二宾三不变)
“May
use
knife?
”He
→He
might
my
knife.
“Do
telephone
number?
number.
b.
宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;
主句是疑问句,用问号。
give
talk"
→I
talk.
know?
does
live"
→Do
lives"
四、宾语从句和状语从句的区分:
eg.1)Iwillgoouttomorrow
ifitisfine.
2)Idon’tknow
ifthetrainhasarrived.
句1中if引导的是状语从句。
这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。
整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。
句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’tknow的宾语。
整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法:
可以从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,
词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。
从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:
从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
1.SheaskedmeifIknew_______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
2.Idon'
tknow_______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.WhetherB.whereC.whatD.when
3.Idon'
tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'
lltellyou.
A.if,whetherB.whether,whetherC.if,ThatD.if,If
4.Thesmallchildrendon'
tknow________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whereisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockinginD.whatintheirstockings
五、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
She
agreed
could
help
maths.
→She
2.当主句的谓语动词是know,
learn,
forget,
remember,
decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。
sweater
should
buy.→I
buy.
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,
show,
teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
→Could
how
get
park"
4.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
found
wallet
lay/was
lying
on
ground.
lie/lying
ground.
5.宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,consider,fancy,guess等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。
Idon’tthinkyouareright.
Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.
课堂
检测
巩固练习
1.Have
decided
________for
Australia"
A.
leave
B.
C.
D.
2.Can
_________
"
Tom
live
lived
lives
D.
lives
3.The
old
man
________
.
cinema
4.I
like
him.
5.I
come
or
not.
weather
how
6.I
wonder
much
cost
shoes
7.She
.
8.Ask
___.
whose
cup
this
9.I
don‘t
what
time
movie
starts
movie
start
10.The
doctor
long
ill
been
had
ill
11.The
forecast
doesn’t
say
_________.
rains
tomorrow
tomorrow
12.Do
_________"
pen
whom
belong
13.Could
tape
14.They
hospital
crying
15.Tony
wanted
Father
Christmas
put
his
stocking
16.No
one
___
professor
our
school
talk
not.
17.July
didn‘t
know_________.
Tim’s
father
first
watch
made
wrong
18.No
_________,
so
need
help.
19.We
rubbish
pollutes
out
land
sea.
20.He
find
sender
of
money
out
money
1.参考答案D
你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗?
宾语从句用陈述语序。
参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,where作从句的宾语。
参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序,where表示地点。
参考答案A