届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义57页word版.docx

1、届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义57页word版2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义【考纲解读】考频统计卷名年份课标全国课标全国课标全国20171112016122201511201422201301考点内容要求考生能够读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,根据上下文推断生词的词义。分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子的意思的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。 它不仅涉及考生的语言水平,还涉及考生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。 猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对考生多方面综合能力的考查。 因此

2、,今后的高考中这类试题将保持平稳,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查。近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。【命题探究】(2017课标全国,C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population h

3、ad grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north in

4、to the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources(来源)for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. I

5、n the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park􀆳s red foxes, and completely drove away the park􀆳s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They ho

6、ped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully

7、 monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help

8、 biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.

9、2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean? A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park􀆳s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of ani

10、mals.4.What is the author􀆳s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.命题方法猜测词义题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型,一般考查对生词的猜测、熟词生义的猜测、短语的猜测、代词的指代以及句子的理解。精准审题根据第2题What,the underlined word “displaced” 和mean可知本题考查词义猜测。解题步骤1.通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句) 来确定词义。 如:It will b

11、e very hard but brittlethat is, it will break easily.(brittle易碎的)2.通过文中的反义词及but, while, however, instead of, rather than, unlike, yet, otherwise, though, on the contrary等来猜测词义。3.通过同义词来猜测词义。如: Cleaning up waterways is a gigantic task. The job is too large, in fact,. (gigantic=large 巨大的)4.通过原因或结果猜测词义。

12、 5.通过文中的举例猜测词义。 如:Nowadays many people spend much money on appliances like washing machines and refrigerators. (appliance家用电器)6.利用语境及上下文,再结合自己的生活常识猜测词义。7.通过所学构词法猜测词义。高效解题根据上文中Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area 及下句By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from th

13、e Yellowstone area.可推知displaced的意思是forced out(迫使离开),故答案为C项。【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B【注释】in the absence of 在没有的情况下monitor v. 监控 wolf pack狼群make a comeback东山再起;重新流行如:The bell-bottoms made a comeback in the late 1980s. 喇叭裤在20世纪80年代末又再度流行起来。【五年高考】Passage 1(2017课标全国,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is

14、 one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it􀆳s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it􀆳s all but i

15、mpossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To cons

16、truct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher􀆳s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way

17、 in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet􀆳s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low po

18、int of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. Whe

19、n the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won􀆳t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It􀆳s delicate. B.It􀆳s expensive.C.It􀆳s comp

20、lex. D.It􀆳s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet􀆳s

21、center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tube B.outside the holeC.the open air D.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C 4.DPassage 2(2017天津,C)词数:330This month, Germany􀆳s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt,

22、proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver􀆳s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area bet

23、ween semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the dr

24、iving wheelto check email, saythe car􀆳s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation

25、 of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human“be watchful and

26、 monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you saydriverless cars, people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully

27、 automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go do

28、wn poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is im

29、possible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers􀆳 role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to.A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property dam

30、age3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see

31、 no bright future in.A.Singapore B.the UK C.the US D.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D 4.C5.APassage 3(2017江苏,D)词

32、数:690Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation