英语句子成分和种类.pptx

1、,句子成分和句子种类,基本概念/各种分类/简单用法,Where there is a will,there is a way.To be or not to be,this is a question.,CONTENTS,PART1,句 子 成 分,member of sentence,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语,句子成分,04,动作行为的对象,定语,修饰名词或代词,说明动作或状态特征,状语,补语,补充说明,表语,表达主语具体情况,主语,1,subject,是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一般位于于句首。,一个句子的老大,T

2、hey are good friends.代词,Three is enough.数词,To see is to believe.不定式,Fishing is allowed.动名词,What he needs is a book.主语从句,Students study.名词,The rich should help the poor.名词化形容词,Where is subject?,找 出 主 语,1,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,2,3,4,The young should respect the old.,What he has said is

3、true.,He gets up early every day.,5,To learn a foreign language is not easy.,6,Swimming is my hobby.,Exercise,1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month.A.are B.was C.is D.were2._ more exercise does good to your health.A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Doing3._ is impossible to fi

4、nish this job before Wednesday.A.That B.This C.It D.They,it 做形式主语，真正的主语在后面,动词不能作主语,YES OR NO?,不能作主语,Do exercise is good for your health.,Eat too much meat is bad for your health.,谓语,2,predicate，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面，通常有简单谓语和复合谓语。,表达主语动作状态,The little girl dances well.动词,The plane t

5、ook off at 10 oclock.动词短语,We love China.动词,简单谓语,谓语,2,表达主语动作状态,You must stay at home.情态动词+动词,She looks beautiful.系动词+表语,My sister is crying over there.系动词+表语,复合谓语,He has caught a bad cold.助动词+V过分,由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词构成，或由系动词加表语构成，系动词单独不作谓语,找谓语,where is predicate?,They enjoyed playing computer games.,He lo

6、oked after two boys.,We have finished reading this book.,They can speak English well.,The days get longer and longer when summer comes.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,祈 使 句 谓 语,SOMETHING YOU MUST NOTICE,Open the door,please!,Go and get some water for me!,Dont laugh at others!,Dont come back la

7、te tonight.,省略主语you&谓语动词用原形,Exercise,1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night.Can you help me?A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.finished2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon.A.go B.went C.goes D.gone3._ up early,or you will miss the early bus.A.G

8、ot B.Get C.Getting D.Gets4._ up early is good for your health.A.Got B.Get C.Getting D.Gets5.Wow!The cake tastes _!Can I have one more?A.well B.deliciously C.bad D.good,宾语,3,object，表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。,He often helps me.代词,Give me four please.数词,I like Music.名词,宾语,3,We have finis

9、hed reading this book.动名词,He wants to dream a nice dream.不定式,I think you are right.从句,I am interested in music.介词宾语,I give you,a pen,I order you to study,主,主,谓,谓,宾,宾,宾,宾补,you,a pen,双宾,两者中间无联系,宾补,两者有联系，只能是“你”学习,I made you my assistant,I keep the room warm,宾补,宾补,动作,身份,状态,宾语补足语：只补充说明宾语的动作、身份、状态。,双宾VS宾补

10、,1,2,区别,动作,身份,状态,3,4,圈出宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your job.,We should care more about our friends.They made him monitor of the class.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,A,B,C,A,A,B,C,B,C,A,D,B,C,C,D,B,A,A,

11、B,C,D,定语,4,attribute,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后,修饰名词或代词,the beautiful girl,the ugly girl,the girl who is beautiful,the girl who is ugly,Toms father didnt come back home until yesterday 名词所有格,Emma is a beautiful girl.形容词,She is a woman worker.名词,I have 5 books 数词,This is her first trip

12、 to Switzerland.形代/序数词/不定式,定语,定语,I have nothing to eat.不定式,It is a swimming pool.动名词,The girl with long hair is my sister.介词短语,He is the boy who dances best in my class.从句,寻 找 定 语,1.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,2.Some people forgot to sweep the floor.,D,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,3.The teaching plan f

13、or next term has been worked out.,4.He is reading an article about how to learn English.,5.The pen bought by her is made in China.,A,D,B,C,E,A,D,B,C,E,A,D,B,C,状语,5,adverbial,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,说明动作或状态特征,He is writing with a pen.介词短语,To make his dream come true,Tom beco

14、mes very interested in business.不定式,He is in the room making a model plane.分词短语,Wait a minute 名词,Once you begin,you must continue.从句,Light travels most quickly.副词及副词性词组,状语,5,说明动作或状态特征,Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地点状语,I arrived late because of the traffic jam.原因状语,He did it carefully.方式状语,Well

15、send a car to fetch you.目的状语,If he goes,so will I.条件状语,How about meeting again at six.时间状语,Though he is a child,he knows a lot.让步状语,She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语,He was so tired that he fell asleep.结果状语,I am taller than he is.比较状语,找出状语,JUST HAVE A TRY,There was a big smile on her fa

16、ce.,He began writing when he was eleven.,Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,补语,6,complement,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用,补充说明宾语情况,The result made me angry.形容词,Let the fresh air in.副词,If you let me go,Ill make you king.名词,补语,6,补充说明宾语情况,You mus

17、tnt force him to lend his money to you.动词不定式,We saw her entering the room.现在分词,We found everything in good order there.介词短语,I saw him going upstairs.现在分词,They found the house broken in.过去分词,找出宾补,1.They call me Lily sometimes.,A,C,B,D,2.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.,3.She found it difficult to do the

18、 work.,4.He asked her to take the boy out of school.,E,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,E,A,C,B,D,E,表语,7,predicative,系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。,表达主语具体情况,Is it yours?代词,The weather has turned cold.形容词,My father is a professor.名词,Time is up.The class is over.副词,Three times seven is twenty one.数词,The meeting is of grea

19、t importance.介词短语,表语,7,系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。,表达主语具体情况,His hobby is playing football.动名词,The speech is exciting.分词,His job is to teach English.不定式,The truth is that he has never been abroad.从句,找出表语,1.Everything looks nice.,A,C,B,2.His face turned red.,3.They are at home now.,4.Seeing is believin

20、g.,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,Exercise,1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet4.He got u

21、p _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.dying,Exercise,6._were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly8.I think _ne

22、cessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked 10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.thatB.when C.in which D.where,PART2,句 子 种 类,type of sentence,1,陈述句,肯定句,否定句,2,疑问句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,3,祈使句,肯定祈使句,否定祈使句,4,感叹句,what引导,

23、how引导,01,陈述句,Whats the declarative sentence?,陈述句是用来说明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子，读时用降调,eg.She is a good student.We are going to do our homework.,陈述句的肯定形式,1.主语+系动词+表语 The flower is beautiful.,2.主语+谓语动词 The teacher smiled.,3.主语+谓语动词+宾语 I like singing a song.,4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I love you my dear Mum.,陈述句的否定形式

24、,1.主语+be动词+not+其他 You arent a good student.,2.主语+助动词（do）+not+实意动词+其他 She doesnt like fruit.,3.主语+情态动词+not+实意动词+其他 You shouldnt stay up so late.,4.否定的缩写形式,is not=isnt are not=arentwas not=wasnt were not=werentdo not=dont does not=doesntdid not=didnt will not=wont,Exercise,1.She does her homework erer

25、y evening.(改为否定句）2.We dont have any lessons on Sunday.（改为肯定句）3.You are at home now.(改为否定句）4.He is going to visit the farm next Friday.（改为否定句）5.You wont get fatter.（改为肯定句）6.He didnt come home on time.(改为肯定句）,She doesnt her homework erery evening.,We have any lessons on Sunday,You are not at home now,

26、He isnt going to visit the farm next Friday.,You will get fatter.,He came home on time,02,疑问句,一般疑问句,Is?Are?Was?Were?Do?Did?Does?Can?一般疑问句的回答只能用Yes或No.,be动词,情态动词,助动词,1.This is Amys bike.(一般疑问句）,Is this Amys bike?,2.Did you go to Beijing last weekend?Yes,I did.(肯定回答）No,I didnt.(否定回答),Yes,this is.(肯定回答

27、）No,this isnt.（否定回答）,3.I have some books.(一般疑问句）Do you have any books?,特殊疑问句,表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：When 什么时间(问时间)Who 谁(问人)Where 在哪里(问地点)Which 哪一个(问选择)Why 为什么(问原因)What 什么(问东西、事物)How 怎样(问方式、手段，程度、情况等),Mike:_are we going to stay in Harbin?Mum:In Grandmas big house.Mike:_does Grandma like eating

28、?Mum:She likes eggs very much.Mike:_season is the best time to Harbin?Mum:Winter.Mike:_?Mum:Because we can make a snowman there.,Mike:_are we going to this year?Mum:we will go to Harbin.Mike:_are we going to Harbin?Mum:On 10th Octomber.Mike:_do you go to there?Mum:By plane.,Where,Why,What,Where,When

29、,Which,How,Exercise,1.S:_ did you go last Sunday?T:I went to the library.A When B Where C What D Who2.Amy:_ bought the new bike for you?Mike:My father.A How B Where C What D Who3.S:Was this book in the desk?T:_ A Yes,it is.B No,it was C Yes,it wasnt D No,it wasnt4.S:_ heavy is John?T:He is 42kg.A Ho

30、w B What C Who D Where,选择疑问句,选择疑问句表示提供两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的范围和对象内选择。备选对象用or 连接，or 后面用降调，句末用问号。,结构A.一般疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:Would you like some coffee or tea?,B.特殊疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:When will you go to Canada,Sunday or Monday?,选择疑问句的回答,1.从备选答案中选择某一项回答。-Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?

31、-_.A.Yes,a dictionary.No,a magazine.A magazine.Yes,both.,2.选择对象是二者，可二选一就用肯定的either；两个都可以选表示肯定的both；两个对象都不选就用表示否定的neither。-Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles?-_.I like tomato noodles.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None,3.备选对象是三者,可任选其一时，就用one of them；三个对象都选就用all;三个对象都不选就用none.-Which do you li

32、ke best,coffee,water or juice?-_.I only like tea.A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.None,Its cold,_?,isnt it,Yes,it is.,They are playing football,_?,arent they,Yes,they are.,They werent in the zoo last Sunday,_?,No,they werent.They went to the mountains.,were they,It rained heavily yesterday,_?,didnt it,Ye

33、s,it did.,1.She is a student,isnt she?2.We speak Chinese,dont we?,当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。,反意疑问句,结构一：前肯，+后否 eg.She is a student,isnt she?,结构二：前否，+后肯 eg.She isnt a student,is she?,反意疑问句的解答步骤,1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；,She is a girl,1.判定：前句为肯定，后句为否定,2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt,3.换代，主语是she,则不变,isnt she?,2.找动（找句子的助动词：be用be,动词原形do，三单does，过 去did，完成have）；,3.换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；,1.找到动词2.判断肯否、时态及助动词3.主语照抄