英语句子成分和种类.pptx

英语句子成分和种类.pptx

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,句子成分和句子种类,基本概念/各种分类/简单用法,Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.,CONTENTS,PART1,句子成分,memberofsentence,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语,句子成分,04,动作行为的对象,定语,修饰名词或代词,说明动作或状态特征,状语,补语,补充说明,表语,表达主语具体情况,主语,1,subject,是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。

常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。

一般位于于句首。

一个句子的老大,Theyaregoodfriends.代词,Threeisenough.数词,Toseeistobelieve.不定式,Fishingisallowed.动名词,Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句,Studentsstudy.名词,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化形容词,Whereissubject?

找出主语,1,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.,2,3,4,Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.,Whathehassaidistrue.,Hegetsupearlyeveryday.,5,Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.,6,Swimmingismyhobby.,Exercise,1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They,it做形式主语，真正的主语在后面,动词不能作主语,YESORNO?

不能作主语,Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.,Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.,谓语,2,predicate，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面，通常有简单谓语和复合谓语。

表达主语动作状态,Thelittlegirldanceswell.动词,Theplanetookoffat10oclock.动词短语,WeloveChina.动词,简单谓语,谓语,2,表达主语动作状态,Youmuststayathome.情态动词+动词,Shelooksbeautiful.系动词+表语,Mysisteriscryingoverthere.系动词+表语,复合谓语,Hehascaughtabadcold.助动词+V过分,由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词构成，或由系动词加表语构成，系动词单独不作谓语,找谓语,whereispredicate?

Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.,Helookedaftertwoboys.,Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.,TheycanspeakEnglishwell.,Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.,祈使句谓语,SOMETHINGYOUMUSTNOTICE,Openthedoor,please!

Goandgetsomewaterforme!

Dontlaughatothers!

Dontcomebacklatetonight.,省略主语you&谓语动词用原形,Exercise,1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?

A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!

Thecaketastes_!

CanIhaveonemore?

A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good,宾语,3,object，表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。

宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。

介词后也会跟宾语。

Heoftenhelpsme.代词,Givemefourplease.数词,IlikeMusic.名词,宾语,3,Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.动名词,Hewantstodreamanicedream.不定式,Ithinkyouareright.从句,Iaminterestedinmusic.介词宾语,Igiveyou,apen,Iorderyoutostudy,主,主,谓,谓,宾,宾,宾,宾补,you,apen,双宾,两者中间无联系,宾补,两者有联系，只能是“你”学习,Imadeyoumyassistant,Ikeeptheroomwarm,宾补,宾补,动作,身份,状态,宾语补足语：

只补充说明宾语的动作、身份、状态。

双宾VS宾补,1,2,区别,动作,身份,状态,3,4,圈出宾语,Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.,Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,A,B,C,A,A,B,C,B,C,A,D,B,C,C,D,B,A,A,B,C,D,定语,4,attribute,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后,修饰名词或代词,thebeautifulgirl,theuglygirl,thegirlwhoisbeautiful,thegirlwhoisugly,Tomsfatherdidntcomebackhomeuntilyesterday名词所有格,Emmaisabeautifulgirl.形容词,Sheisawomanworker.名词,Ihave5books数词,ThisisherfirsttriptoSwitzerland.形代/序数词/不定式,定语,定语,Ihavenothingtoeat.不定式,Itisaswimmingpool.动名词,Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.介词短语,Heistheboywhodancesbestinmyclass.从句,寻找定语,1.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.,2.Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.,D,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,3.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.,4.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.,5.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.,A,D,B,C,E,A,D,B,C,E,A,D,B,C,状语,5,adverbial,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

说明动作或状态特征,Heiswritingwithapen.介词短语,Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.不定式,Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.分词短语,Waitaminute名词,Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.从句,Lighttravelsmostquickly.副词及副词性词组,状语,5,说明动作或状态特征,MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.地点状语,Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.原因状语,Hediditcarefully.方式状语,Wellsendacartofetchyou.目的状语,Ifhegoes,sowillI.条件状语,Howaboutmeetingagainatsix.时间状语,Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.让步状语,Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴随状语,Hewassotiredthathefellasleep.结果状语,Iamtallerthanheis.比较状语,找出状语,JUSTHAVEATRY,Therewasabigsmileonherface.,Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.,Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,补语,6,complement,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。

它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用,补充说明宾语情况,Theresultmademeangry.形容词,Letthefreshairin.副词,Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.名词,补语,6,补充说明宾语情况,Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.动词不定式,Wesawherenteringtheroom.现在分词,Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.介词短语,Isawhimgoingupstairs.现在分词,Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.过去分词,找出宾补,1.TheycallmeLilysometimes.,A,C,B,D,2.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.,3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.,4.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.,E,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,E,A,C,B,D,E,表语,7,predicative,系动词之后。

是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。

表达主语具体情况,Isityours?

代词,Theweatherhasturnedcold.形容词,Myfatherisaprofessor.名词,Timeisup.Theclassisover.副词,Threetimessevenistwentyone.数词,Themeetingisofgreatimportance.介词短语,表语,7,系动词之后。

是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。

表达主语具体情况,Hishobbyisplayingfootball.动名词,Thespeechisexciting.分词,HisjobistoteachEnglish.不定式,Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.从句,找出表语,1.Everythinglooksnice.,A,C,B,2.Hisfaceturnedred.,3.Theyareathomenow.,4.Seeingisbelieving.,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,D,A,C,B,Exercise,1._willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow2.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold3.Theappletasted_.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter5.Theactor_attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.dying,Exercise,6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis9.Thedog_mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where,PART2,句子种类,typeofsentence,1,陈述句,肯定句,否定句,2,疑问句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,3,祈使句,肯定祈使句,否定祈使句,4,感叹句,what引导,how引导,01,陈述句,Whatsthedeclarativesentence?

陈述句是用来说明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子，读时用降调,eg.Sheisagoodstudent.Wearegoingtodoourhomework.,陈述句的肯定形式,1.主语+系动词+表语Theflowerisbeautiful.,2.主语+谓语动词Theteachersmiled.,3.主语+谓语动词+宾语Ilikesingingasong.,4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语IloveyoumydearMum.,陈述句的否定形式,1.主语+be动词+not+其他Youarentagoodstudent.,2.主语+助动词（do）+not+实意动词+其他Shedoesntlikefruit.,3.主语+情态动词+not+实意动词+其他Youshouldntstayupsolate.,4.否定的缩写形式,isnot=isntarenot=arentwasnot=wasntwerenot=werentdonot=dontdoesnot=doesntdidnot=didntwillnot=wont,Exercise,1.Shedoesherhomeworkereryevening.（改为否定句）2.WedonthaveanylessonsonSunday.（改为肯定句）3.Youareathomenow.（改为否定句）4.HeisgoingtovisitthefarmnextFriday.（改为否定句）5.Youwontgetfatter.（改为肯定句）6.Hedidntcomehomeontime.（改为肯定句）,Shedoesntherhomeworkereryevening.,WehaveanylessonsonSunday,Youarenotathomenow,HeisntgoingtovisitthefarmnextFriday.,Youwillgetfatter.,Hecamehomeontime,02,疑问句,一般疑问句,Is?

Are?

Was?

Were?

Do?

Did?

Does?

Can?

一般疑问句的回答只能用Yes或No.,be动词,情态动词,助动词,1.ThisisAmysbike.（一般疑问句）,IsthisAmysbike?

2.DidyougotoBeijinglastweekend?

Yes,Idid.（肯定回答）No,Ididnt.（否定回答）,Yes,thisis.（肯定回答）No,thisisnt.（否定回答）,3.Ihavesomebooks.（一般疑问句）Doyouhaveanybooks?

特殊疑问句,表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。

常用疑问词：

When什么时间（问时间）Who谁（问人）Where在哪里（问地点）Which哪一个（问选择）Why为什么（问原因）What什么（问东西、事物）How怎样（问方式、手段，程度、情况等）,Mike:

_arewegoingtostayinHarbin?

Mum:

InGrandmasbighouse.Mike:

_doesGrandmalikeeating?

Mum:

Shelikeseggsverymuch.Mike:

_seasonisthebesttimetoHarbin?

Mum:

Winter.Mike:

_?

Mum:

Becausewecanmakeasnowmanthere.,Mike:

_arewegoingtothisyear?

Mum:

wewillgotoHarbin.Mike:

_arewegoingtoHarbin?

Mum:

On10thOctomber.Mike:

_doyougotothere?

Mum:

Byplane.,Where,Why,What,Where,When,Which,How,Exercise,1.S:

_didyougolastSunday?

T:

Iwenttothelibrary.AWhenBWhereCWhatDWho2.Amy:

_boughtthenewbikeforyou?

Mike:

Myfather.AHowBWhereCWhatDWho3.S:

Wasthisbookinthedesk?

T:

_AYes,itis.BNo,itwasCYes,itwasntDNo,itwasnt4.S:

_heavyisJohn?

T:

Heis42kg.AHowBWhatCWhoDWhere,选择疑问句,选择疑问句表示提供两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的范围和对象内选择。

备选对象用or连接，or后面用降调，句末用问号。

结构A.一般疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。

e.g:

Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?

B.特殊疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。

e.g:

WhenwillyougotoCanada,SundayorMonday?

选择疑问句的回答,1.从备选答案中选择某一项回答。

-Areyougoingtoborrowadictionaryoramagazine?

-_.A.Yes,adictionary.No,amagazine.Amagazine.Yes,both.,2.选择对象是二者，可二选一就用肯定的either；两个都可以选表示肯定的both；两个对象都不选就用表示否定的neither。

-Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles?

-_.Iliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None,3.备选对象是三者,可任选其一时，就用oneofthem；三个对象都选就用all;三个对象都不选就用none.-Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee,waterorjuice?

-_.Ionlyliketea.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None,Itscold,_?

isntit,Yes,itis.,Theyareplayingfootball,_?

arentthey,Yes,theyare.,TheywerentinthezoolastSunday,_?

No,theywerent.Theywenttothemountains.,werethey,Itrainedheavilyyesterday,_?

didntit,Yes,itdid.,1.Sheisastudent,isntshe?

2.WespeakChinese,dontwe?

当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。

反意疑问句,结构一：

前肯，+后否eg.Sheisastudent,isntshe?

结构二：

前否，+后肯eg.Sheisntastudent,isshe?

反意疑问句的解答步骤,1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；,Sheisagirl,1.判定：

前句为肯定，后句为否定,2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt,3.换代，主语是she,则不变,isntshe?

2.找动（找句子的助动词：

be用be,动词原形do，三单does，过去did，完成have）；,3.换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；,1.找到动词2.判断肯否、时态及助动词3.主语照抄