雅思真题剑Test阅读Passage真题及解析docx.docx

1、雅思真题剑Test阅读Passage真题及解析docx【雅思 真题 】剑 6 Tes t 1 阅读 P as sa g e 1 真题 及解 析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIAS SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more

2、 than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and tr

3、ain under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centr

4、e stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming

5、 and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data fromathletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We cant waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that dont help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance, says Peter Fricker, chief of

6、science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer s dive to the second -by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hun

7、dredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is tooslight to bother with. It s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame

8、 model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on,Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to

9、help budding swimmers. Masons contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmers performance into factors

10、 that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerD Take a look, says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on thesw

11、immers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actuallyswam fas ter. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy, says Mason. If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better This is the k

12、ind of accuracy that AIS scientists research si bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production

13、 or any other factor that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run. Theres more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in

14、 New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the test

15、s were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists andcoaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model, based on what they expect will be the winning

16、times. You design the model to make that time, saysMason. A start of this much, each free -swimming period has to be this fast, with a certainstroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times. All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall

17、 and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the worlds most successful sporting nation.F Of course, theres nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes.

18、 At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowerstimes. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australiassuccess story is about more than eas

19、ily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more

20、 than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

21、6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are curre

22、ntly used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8cameras9sensors10protein tests11altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write yo

23、ur answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?READING PASSAGE 1 真 解析：篇章 构体裁 明文主 澳大利 的体育成就 构 A 段：澳大利 体育成 斐然 B 段：科技是第一生 力C 段：精确 量和数据分析 D 段：精确 量和

24、数据分析的 例E 段：数据的 用 F 段：不可复制的成功必背 A段fair adj. 合理的 pro n. 运 demolish v. ；破坏， 坏 under the eye of 在 的注意下rival n. 争者， 手 body n. 体，机构seeming adj. 表面上的 (通常事 并非如此 ) finance v. 提供 ease n. 不 力， 松 excellence n. 秀，卓越extensive adj. 广泛的，涉及面广的 intensive adj. 化的underpin v. 以 固基 nutritional adj. 养的B段centre stage 中心地位

25、squash n. 壁球collaborate v. 合作 instrument n. 器，器械golfer n. 打高 夫球的人 ethereal adj. 渺的，引申 不切 的C段come down to(sth.) 可 wire-frame adj. 框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v. 划开；切开output n. 出 slow motion 慢 作wring out of 原 扭，榨取，此 引申 从 中 ( 努力 ) 得 side-on 从 面stroke n. 划 ，划水tweak v. 扭，用力拉 spine n. 脊柱world-beating adj

26、. 世瞩目的 swivel v. 旋 prototype n. 原型 biomechanical adj. 生物力 (学) 的profile n. 原 廓、外形，此 意 模型 velocity n. 速度，速率lap n. 一圈budding adj. 展中的 spit out 原 是吐出，此 引申 示出、分析出frame n. ，画面D段turn time 转身时间 immunoglobulin n. 免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj. 不显眼的，不醒目的 present adj. 存在的sensor n. 传感器 saliva n. 唾液embed v. 使插入；使嵌入 ease

27、v. 减轻，减弱sweat v. 出汗，发汗 remarkably adv. 显着地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n. 实验，试验immune-system 免疫系统的E段complex adj. 复杂的 transform v. 转换，转变，改变championship n. 冠军赛 arguably adv. 可论证地 (可辩论地 )，有理由说地gear v. 调整， (使 )适合segment n. 部分F段unveil v. 展示 (新产品 )；揭开 altitude tent 高原帐篷coolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v. 复制endu

28、rance n. 耐力；忍耐力 encompass v. 包含或包括某事物slice v. 减少，降低难句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurement everything from the exactangle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.参考译文：许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。语言点：come down to ： ；涉及 If a complicated s

29、ituation or problem comes down to something, that is the single most important thingIt all comes down to money in the end. 根到底，一切都是因 。2. No gain is too slight to bother with.参考 文：无 多么微小的收 都 得 之努力。 言点：(1)too to的用法：表示否定的含 ， “太 以致于不能 ”。本句 然短，却因 有no 否定 和 too to句型而出 了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意。可以根据 “ 得正 ”的原 直接将原句翻 成肯

30、定的意思，便于理解。(2)gain n. 得C an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effortU&C an increase in the amount or level of somethingU financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone isinterested in The party made considerable gains at local elections. 党派在地方 中 得 多利益。(3) bother v. 努力做 : to make the effort to do something(not) bother to do somethingHe didnt bother to answer the question.(not) bother about/withHe didnt bother with a reply.(not) bother doing somethingMany young people didnt bother voting.dont/didnt/wont etc. bother Do you want me to