雅思真题剑Test阅读Passage真题及解析docx.docx

雅思真题剑Test阅读Passage真题及解析docx.docx

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雅思真题剑Test阅读Passage真题及解析docx

【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

AUSTRALIA'SSPORTINGSUCCESS

ATheyplayhard,theyplayoften,andtheyplaytowin.Australiansportsteamswinmorethantheirfairshareoftitles,demolishingrivalswithseemingease.Howdotheydoit?

Abigpartofthesecretisanextensiveandexpensivenetworkofsportingacademiesunderpinnedbyscienceandmedicine.AttheAustralianInstituteofSport（AIS）,hundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission（ASC）,financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.

BInsidetheacademies,sciencetakescentrestage.TheAISemploysmorethan100sportsscientistsanddoctors,andcollaborateswithscoresofothersinuniversitiesandresearchcentres.AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theyarebackedupbytechnicianswhodesigninstrumentstocollectdatafrom

athletes.Theyallfocusononeaim:

winning.‘Wecan'twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon'thelpthecoachworkwithanathleteandimproveperformance,'saysPeterFricker,chiefofscienceatAIS.

CAlotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement-everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer’sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.Thisdataisusedtowringimprovementsoutofathletes.Thefocusisonindividuals,tweakingperformancestosqueezeanextrahundredthofasecondhere,anextramillimetrethere.Nogainistoo

slighttobotherwith.It’sthetiny,gradualimprovementsthatadduptoworld-beatingresults.Todemonstratehowthesystemworks,BruceMasonatAISshowsofftheprototypeofa3Danalysistoolforstudyingswimmers.Awire-framemodelofachampionswimmerslicesthroughthewater,herarmsmovinginslowmotion.Lookingside-on,

Masonmeasuresthedistancebetweenstrokes.Fromabove,heanalyseshowherspineswivels.Whenfullydeveloped,thissystemwillenablehimtobuildabiomechanicalprofileforcoachestousetohelpbuddingswimmers.Mason'scontributiontosportalsoincludesthedevelopmentoftheSWAN（SWimmingANalysis）systemnowusedinAustraliannationalcompetitions.Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeanalysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.Attheendofeachrace,SWANspitsoutdataoneachswimmer

D‘Takealook,'saysMason,pullingoutasheetofdata.Hepointsoutthedataonthe

swimmersinsecondandthirdplace,whichshowsthattheonewhofinishedthirdactually

swamfaster.Sowhydidhefinish35hundredthsofaseconddown?

‘Histurntimeswere44hundredthsofasecondbehindtheotherguy,'saysMason.‘Ifhecanimproveonhisturns,hecandomuchbetter’ThisisthekindofaccuracythatAISscientists'researchsibringingtoarangeofsports.

WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicroTechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelopingunobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.There'smoretoitthansimplymeasuringperformance.Frickergivestheexampleofathleteswhomaybedownwithcoughsandcolds11or12timesayear.Afteryearsofexperimentation,AlSandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthatmeasureshowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'saliva.IfIgAlevelssuddenlyfallbelowacertainlevel,trainingiseasedordroppedaltogether.Soon,IgAlevelsstartrisingagain,andthedangerpasses.Sincethetestswereintroduced,AISathletesinallsportshavebeenremarkablysuccessfulatstayinghealthy.

EUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsand

coachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.‘Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime,'says

Mason.‘Astartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertain

strokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.'Allthetrainingisthengearedtowardsmakingtheathletehitthosetargets,bothoverallandforeachsegmentoftherace.TechniqueslikethesehavetransformedAustraliaintoarguablytheworld'smostsuccessfulsportingnation.

FOfcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying-andmanyhavetried.Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.AttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'

times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Thesamehashappenedtothe‘altitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.ButAustralia's

successstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonownonationhasreplicateditsall-encompassingsystem.

Questions1-7

ReadingPassage1hassixparagraphs,A-F.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

1areferencetotheexchangeofexpertisebetweendifferentsports

2anexplanationofhowvisualimagingisemployedininvestigations

3areasonfornarrowingthescopeofresearchactivity

4howsomeAISideashavebeenreproduced

5howobstaclestooptimumachievementcanbeinvestigated

6anoverviewofthefundedsupportofathletes

7howperformancerequirementsarecalculatedbeforeanevent

Questions8-11

Classifythefollowingtechniquesaccordingtowhetherthewriterstatesthey

AarecurrentlyexclusivelyusedbyAustralians

BwillbeusedinthefuturebyAustralians

CarecurrentlyusedbybothAustraliansandtheirrivals

Writethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes8-11onyouranswersheet.

8cameras

9sensors

10proteintests

11altitudetents

Questions12and13

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes12and13onyouranswersheet.

12Whatisproducedtohelpanathleteplantheirperformanceinanevent?

13Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists'performanceimproveatthe1996OlympicGames?

READINGPASSAGE1真解析：

篇章构

体裁明文

主澳大利的体育成就

构A段：

澳大利体育成斐然B段：

科技是第一生力

C段：

精确量和数据分析D段：

精确量和数据分析的例

E段：

数据的用F段：

不可复制的成功

必背

A段

fairadj.合理的pron.运

demolishv.；破坏，坏undertheeyeof在⋯⋯的注意下

rivaln.争者，手bodyn.体，机构

seemingadj.表面上的（通常事并非如此）financev.⋯⋯提供

easen.不力，松excellencen.秀，卓越

extensiveadj.广泛的，涉及面广的intensiveadj.化的

underpinv.以⋯⋯固基nutritionaladj.养的

B段

centrestage中心地位squashn.壁球

collaboratev.合作instrumentn.器，器械

golfern.打高夫球的人etherealadj.渺的，引申不切的

C段

comedownto（sth.）可wire-frameadj.框的

second-by-second每秒的slicev.划开；切开

outputn.出slowmotion慢作

wring⋯outof原扭，榨取，此引申从⋯⋯中（努力）得side-on从面

stroken.划，划水

tweakv.扭，用力拉spinen.脊柱

world-beatingadj.世瞩目的swivelv.旋

prototypen.原型biomechanicaladj.生物力（学）的

profilen.原廓、外形，此意模型velocityn.速度，速率

lapn.一圈

buddingadj.展中的spitout原是吐出，此引申示出、分析出

framen.，画面

D段

turntime转身时间immunoglobulinn.免疫球蛋白

unobtrusiveadj.不显眼的，不醒目的presentadj.存在的

sensorn.传感器salivan.唾液

embedv.使插入；使嵌入easev.减轻，减弱

sweatv.出汗，发汗remarkablyadv.显着地，引人注目地；非常地

experimentationn.实验，试验

immune-system免疫系统的

E段

complexadj.复杂的transformv.转换，转变，改变

championshipn.冠军赛arguablyadv.可论证地（可辩论地），有理由说地

gearv.调整，（使）适合

segmentn.部分

F段

unveilv.展示（新产品）；揭开altitudetent高原帐篷

coolant-lined流线型散热replicatev.复制

endurancen.耐力；忍耐力encompassv.包含或包括某事物

slicev.减少，降低

难句解析

1.Alotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement—everythingfromtheexact

angleofaswimmer'sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.

参考译文：

许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行

车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。

语言点：

comedownto：

；涉及Ifacomplicatedsituationorproblemcomesdowntosomething,thatisthesinglemostimportantthing

Itallcomesdowntomoneyintheend.根到底，一切都是因。

2.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.

参考文：

无多么微小的收都得之努力。

言点：

（1）too⋯to的用法：

表示否定的含，“太⋯⋯以致于不能”。

本句然短，却因有

no否定和too⋯to句型而出了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意。

可以根据“得正”的

原直接将原句翻成肯定的意思，便于理解。

（2）gainn.得

①[C]anadvantageorimprovement,especiallyoneachievedbyplanningoreffort

②[U&C]anincreaseintheamountorlevelofsomething

③[U]financialprofit,especiallywhenthisseemstobetheonlythingsomeoneis

interestedinThepartymadeconsiderablegainsatlocalelections.党派在地方中

得多利益。

（3）botherv.努力做:

tomaketheefforttodosomething

①（not）bothertodosomething

Hedidn'tbothertoanswerthequestion.

②（not）botherabout/with

Hedidn'tbotherwithareply.

③（not）botherdoingsomething

Manyyoungpeopledidn'tbothervoting.

don't/didn't/won'tetc.bother

‘Doyouwantmeto