大学英语综合教程B1Unit 3 Understanding Science.docx

1、大学英语综合教程B1Unit 3 Understanding ScienceUnit 3 Understanding ScienceText A Public Attitude Toward Science 1.Background InformationBrief Introduction to Stephen Hawking 1)Stephen Hawking (1942 -):Chronology ofStephen Hawking -1942 Born in Oxford, England. -1958 Entered Oxford University and became espe

2、cially interested in thermodynamics(热力学),relativity theory, and quantum mechanics (量子力学).-1962 Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at theUniversity of Cambridge.-1966 Earned his Ph.D degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the

3、University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性骨髓侧索硬化).“I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal as a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret t

4、he things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.-1977 Became a professor of physics.-1979 Appointed Lucasian Professor of mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton. 2) Main Achievementsa) SingularityA point in space-time at which the space-time curvature (曲率) bees infin

5、ite.b)black holeA region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.c)A Brief History of TimeOne of his books to make his work accessible to the public.Albert Einstein(1879-1955)1) Quiz about EinsteinDo the quiz to see how much you k

6、now about Albert Einstein. In his effort to discover the governing laws of the universe, Einstein tried to find a mathematical relationship between two natural forces. What are they? D A) Electromagnetism and gravitationB) Fission(裂变) and gravityC) Electricity andthe speed of lightD) Nuclear energy

7、and electromagnetism2)Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einstein (1879-1955): I was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. As you may know, 1905 was a big year for me. Thats when I turned the world upside down, at least for scientists, time had to be looked at in a whole new waythatNewtons view of space and time w

8、as inaccurate. These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introducedthe equation E=MC2. Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity. The general theory showed that gravity is not a force, as Newton had thought. It is instead a curvature of the space-time contin

9、uum.3) Do you know? -Einstein could not find a job in physics upon graduation from college, and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. He worked on theoretical physics in his spare time. -Einstein did not receive a Nobel Prize for his theory of relativity. -Einstein immediately lef

10、t Germany for theUnited States following Hitlers rise to power. -Einstein spent much of his later career searching for a unified field theory, but was unsuccessful. -Einstein declined the presidency of the sate of Israel when it was offered to him in 1952 by the sate leaders. -The element einsteiniu

11、m(锿), discovered in 1952, was named in the honor of Albert Einstein.Frankenstein:This is a horror film about a doctor who builds a monster out of dead body parts and brings it to life using electricity, based on the novel by Mary Shelley.III. Global Reading1.chart pletionFill in the chart by paring

12、the first 10 lines of both All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter and Public Attitudes toward Science to see style difference between narration and exposition.Text AParagraph lengthSentence lengthsimple orpoundsentences?any passivevoice?any dialogue?any 3rd- personnarrator?Unit 2shortershortersimplenoyesno

13、Unit 3longerlongerpoundyesnoyes2. Part Division of the Text (see Students Book P69)Parts LinesMain Ideas1133To make informed decisions about change, the public needs a basic understanding of science. 23362What can be done to educate the public about science.36367 With an informed public, human civil

14、ization will survive.IV. Detailed ReadingImportant words , phrases and sentences:Part One (Para.1Para.3)1.(L2) likely:1) adj. probable很可能的, 适宜的, 可靠的, 有希望的 -An accident likely to lead to war is reported on TV. 2) adv. probably (When used as an ad., the word is often preceded by most, more than, or ve

15、ry. You dont use it as an ad. on its own.) 或许, 很可能 -I shall very likely to be here again next month.Pattern: It is likely that 很可能 -It is highly likely that he will succeed.CF: likely, possible & probable 这些词都有“可能的意思。 likely 系常用词，指从外表迹象来看很有可能。 -The likely oute of the contest varies from moment to mo

16、ment. possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常会有实际希望很小的意思。 -Is it possible to get to the city by train, or must I take a bus?probable语气比possible强，指有根据，合情理，值得相信，带有大概，很可能的意思。-It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.2. (L6) do without:v. manage to survive, continue, or succeed although y

17、ou do not have sth. you need,want, or usu. have 没有而设法对付过去;免除, 不用- I cant afford a car, so 1 guess Ill have to do without.-He cant do without the services of a secretary.Collocation:do away with 摆脱;废除,取消do up 系上,扣上;修理;打扮have something to do with 和有关系have nothing to do with 和没有关系3. (L6) highly: adv. 1

18、) very很, 非常 -Mr. Smith was a highly successful salesman. 2) to a high degree高度地 -He speaks very highly of you. -出席这次会议的大局部人是受过高等教育的女性. Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women.CF: highly & high 这两个词都表示“高高地。highly 这个副词是“高度地的意思，是表达程度的，指的是抽象意义上的“高。修饰形容词要使用highly.-a highly pai

19、d official 薪俸优厚的官员-think highly of sb. 器重某人- *a highly infectious diseasehigh 这个副词是作“高高地讲,是表达位置的，指的是具体意义上的“高。构成复合形容词要用high.-aim high向高处瞄准-search high and low到处寻找-*a high-born merchant 其他类似的例子有:closely & closeclosely 细心地,严密地-Watch what I do closely.close 近地-He lives close to the school.Para. 24. (L9)

20、 put/turn the clock back: v. return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant 倒退,开倒车-The employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clockback fifty years.-Forget all about it and look to the future; you cant turn the clock ba

21、ck.5. (L1011)Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Why is this sentence reserved?The word “nor here appears at the beginning of the sentence. -Nor will I deny that.6. (L13) bring about: v. make (sth.) happen使发生, 致使 =make happen-这是怎么发生的?What brought it about?-Some educators are hoping t

22、o bring about major changes in the educational system.Collocation:bring forth 产生;提出bring forward 提前;提出bring up 教育;养育;提出Fill in the blank with the above phrases and change the form where necessary.1) They proposed that the date of the congress be brought forth a few months.2) The trees in the orchard

23、 bring forthmany apples.3) He was well brought up.4) At the meeting the next morning, the brought forth/forward/up many problems and discussed them one by one.7. (L14) inquire: 1) vt. ask to be told询问, 问明, 追究 -He inquired (of her) the reason for being late again.-He asked for his key and inquired wh

24、ether there had been any message for him.2) vi. seek information by questioning.-我打询问有关火车时刻的事情.I rang up to inquire about train times.Collocation:inquire after 问候inquire for 求见inquire into 追究,调查CF: inquire, ask & question 这些词都有“问，询问的意思。inquire 是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事确实实情况,后不接人作宾语.-He inquired your telep

25、hone number.ask 是最常用词,指为了了解某人或谋事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息. -Excuse me. May I ask you a question?question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况.-The suspect was questioned by the police.8. (L1516) The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inven

26、tiveness are such that even this wouldnt succeed. 1) What is the grammatical function of the first “that?Here “that brings about an attributive clause. 2) What does the structure “such that here mean?The structure is used to give an explanation for something.-His manner was such that he would offend

27、 everyone he met. 3) What can we infer from this sentence?No way can suppress anything new, as human initiative and inventiveness do exist.9. (L17) initiative: n. 1) the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tell youwhat to do主动;首创精神-If you show that you have initiativ

28、e, you will sooner or later be promoted.- The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative.2) used in the phrase take the initiative : be the first person to take action toimprove a situation or relationship, esp. when other people are waiting for sb.else to do sth. 采取主动-He took th

29、e initiative in organizing a party after his brothers wedding.10. (L17-18) All it would do is slow down the rate of change.Why is there no “to between “is and “slow?When “do appears in the subject of a sentence, the sign “to of an infinitive which is used as the predicative can be omitted. -The firs

30、t thing he did was (to) look for a guide. -All we could do now is (to) remain cool-headed.11. (L18) rate: n.1)value, cost, speed, etc. measured by its relation to some other amount. 比率;速度;价格 -The worlds forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts had thought. -出生率是出生人数与人口数之比. The bi

31、rth rate is the number of births pared to the number of the people. 2) of the (numbered) quality 等级 -a first-rate performerPara. 312. (L20) ensure: v. make sure; guarantee. 保证, 确保, 使安全, 保证得到-The new treaty will ensure peace.-我不能确保他能与时到这儿.I cant ensure that he will be here in time.13. (L22) informed: adj. knowing things; having all the information. 见多识广的-随时告诉我新的开展.Keep me informed of fresh development.-Dictation: