大学英语综合教程B1Unit 3 Understanding Science.docx
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大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience
Unit3UnderstandingScience
TextAPublicAttitudeTowardScience
1.BackgroundInformation
BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking
1)StephenHawking(1942-):
ChronologyofStephenHawking
--1942BorninOxford,England.
--1958EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics(热力学),relativitytheory,andquantummechanics(量子力学).
--1962Receivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge.
--1966EarnedhisPh.DdegreeattheUniversityofCambridge.StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch.DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性骨髓侧索硬化).
“Iamquiteoftenasked:
HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS?
Theansweris,notalot.Itrytoleadasnormalasalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatmany.〞
--1977Becameaprofessorofphysics.
--1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofmathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.
2)MainAchievements
a)Singularity
Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature(曲率)beesinfinite.
b)blackhole
Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescape.Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong.
c)ABriefHistoryofTime
Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepublic.
AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)
1)QuizaboutEinstein
DothequiztoseehowmuchyouknowaboutAlbertEinstein.
Inhisefforttodiscoverthegoverninglawsoftheuniverse,Einsteintriedtofindamathematicalrelationshipbetweentwonaturalforces.Whatarethey?
D
A)Electromagnetismandgravitation
B)Fission(裂变)andgravity
C)Electricityandthespeedoflight
D)Nuclearenergyandelectromagnetism
2)MonologueofEinstein
AlbertEinstein(1879-1955):
IwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.Asyoumayknow,1905wasabigyearforme.That’swhenIturnedtheworldupsidedown,atleastforscientists,timehadtobelookedatinawholenewway—thatNewton’sviewofspaceandtimewasinaccurate.TheseideasbecameknownasthespecialtheoryofrelativityandintroducedtheequationE=MC2.
TenyearslaterIpresentedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.Thegeneraltheoryshowedthatgravityisnotaforce,asNewtonhadthought.Itisinsteadacurvatureofthespace-timecontinuum.
3)Doyouknow?
--Einsteincouldnotfindajobinphysicsupongraduationfromcollege,andbecameatechnicalassistantintheSwissPatentOffice.Heworkedontheoreticalphysicsinhissparetime.
--EinsteindidnotreceiveaNobelPrizeforhistheoryofrelativity.
--EinsteinimmediatelyleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesfollowingHitler’srisetopower.
--Einsteinspentmuchofhislatercareersearchingforaunifiedfieldtheory,butwasunsuccessful.
--EinsteindeclinedthepresidencyofthesateofIsraelwhenitwasofferedtohimin1952bythesateleaders.
--Theelementeinsteinium(锿),discoveredin1952,wasnamedinthehonorofAlbertEinstein.
Frankenstein:
Thisisahorrorfilmaboutadoctorwhobuildsamonsteroutofdeadbodypartsandbringsittolifeusingelectricity,basedonthenovelbyMaryShelley.
III.GlobalReading
1.chartpletion
Fillinthechartbyparingthefirst10linesofbothAlltheCabbieHadWasaLetterandPublicAttitudestowardSciencetoseestyledifferencebetweennarrationandexposition.
TextA
Paragraph
length
Sentence
length
simpleor
pound
sentences?
anypassive
voice?
anydialogue?
any3rd-
person
narrator?
Unit2
shorter
shorter
simple
no
yes
no
Unit3
longer
longer
pound
yes
no
yes
2.PartDivisionoftheText(seeStudent’sBookP69)
Parts
Lines
MainIdeas
1
1~33
Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.
2
33~62
Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience.
3
63~67
Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive.
IV.DetailedReading
Importantwords,phrasesandsentences:
PartOne(Para.1~Para.3)
1.(L2)likely:
1)adj.probable很可能的,适宜的,可靠的,有希望的
---AnaccidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.
2)adv.probably(Whenusedasanad.,thewordisoftenprecededby"most","morethan",or"very".Youdon'tuseitasanad.onitsown.)或许,很可能
---Ishallverylikelytobehereagainnextmonth.
Pattern:
Itislikelythat…很可能
--Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.
CF:
likely,possible&probable
这些词都有“可能的〞意思。
likely系常用词,指从外表迹象来看很有可能。
---Thelikelyouteofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.
possible指由于有适当的条件和方法,某事可能发生或做到,强调客观上有可能,但常会有实际希望很小的意思。
---Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?
probable语气比possible强,指有根据,合情理,值得相信,带有大概,很可能的意思。
---Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment.
2.(L6)dowithout:
v.managetosurvive,continue,orsucceedalthoughyoudonothavesth.youneed,want,orusu.have
没有…而设法对付过去;免除,不用
--Ican'taffordacar,so1guessI'llhavetodowithout.
--Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary.
Collocation:
doawaywith摆脱;废除,取消
doup系上,扣上;修理;打扮
havesomethingtodowith和…有关系
havenothingtodowith和…没有关系
3.(L6)highly:
adv.
1)very很,非常
--Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.
2)toahighdegree高度地
--Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou.
--出席这次会议的大局部人是受过高等教育的女性.
Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen.
CF:
highly&high
这两个词都表示“高高地〞。
highly这个副词是“高度地〞的意思,是表达程度的,指的是抽象意义上的“高〞。
修饰形容词要使用highly.
---ahighlypaidofficial薪俸优厚的官员
---thinkhighlyofsb.器重某人
---*ahighlyinfectiousdisease
high这个副词是作“高高地〞讲,是表达位置的,指的是具体意义上的“高〞。
构成复合形容词要用high.
---aimhigh向高处瞄准
---searchhighandlow到处寻找
---*ahigh-bornmerchant
其他类似的例子有:
closely&close
closely细心地,严密地
---WatchwhatIdoclosely.
close近地
---Helivesclosetotheschool.
Para.2
4.(L9)put/turntheclockback:
v.returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant倒退,开倒车
---Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.
---Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan'tturntheclockback.
5.(L10~11)Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.
Whyisthissentencereserved?
Theword“nor〞hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentence.
--NorwillIdenythat.
6.(L13)bringabout:
v.make(sth.)happen使发生,致使=makehappen
---这是怎么发生的?
Whatbroughtitabout?
---Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.
Collocation:
bringforth产生;提出
bringforward提前;提出
bringup教育;养育;提出
Fillintheblankwiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.
1)Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforthafewmonths.
2)Thetreesintheorchardbringforthmanyapples.
3)Hewaswellbroughtup.
4)Atthemeetingthenextmorning,thebroughtforth/forward/upmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.
7.(L14)inquire:
1)vt.asktobetold询问,问明,追究
---Heinquired(ofher)thereasonforbeinglateagain.
---Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim.
2)vi.seekinformationbyquestioning.
---我打询问有关火车时刻的事情.
Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.
Collocation:
inquireafter问候
inquirefor求见
inquireinto追究,调查
CF:
inquire,ask&question
这些词都有“问,询问〞的意思。
inquire是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事确实实情况,后不接人作宾语.
---Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.
ask是最常用词,指为了了解某人或谋事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息.
---Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?
question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况.
---Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice.
8.(L15~16)Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn’tsucceed.
1)Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that〞?
Here“that〞bringsaboutanattributiveclause.
2)Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat〞heremean?
Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething.
--Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehemet.
3)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.
9.(L17)initiative:
n.
1)theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyou
whattodo主动;首创精神
---Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.
---Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemsontheirowninitiative.
2)usedinthephrase"taketheinitiative":
bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.采取主动
---Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.
10.(L17-18)Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.
Whyisthereno“to〞between“is〞and“slow〞?
When“do〞appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to〞ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted.
--Thefirstthinghedidwas(to)lookforaguide.
--Allwecoulddonowis(to)remaincool-headed.
11.(L18)rate:
n.
1)value,cost,speed,etc.measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount.
比率;速度;价格
---Theworld'sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshadthought.
---出生率是出生人数与人口数之比.
Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthsparedtothenumberofthepeople.
2)ofthe(numbered)quality等级
---afirst-rateperformer
Para.3
12.(L20)ensure:
v.makesure;guarantee.保证,确保,使安全,保证得到
---Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.
---我不能确保他能与时到这儿.
Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.
13.(L22)informed:
adj.knowingthings;havingalltheinformation.见多识广的
---随时告诉我新的开展.
Keepmeinformedoffreshdevelopment.
---Dictation: