语言学期中测验.docx

1、语言学期中测验1. The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics.A. particular B. generalC. ordinaryD. generative2. Traditional grammar regards the _ form of language as primary, not the spoken form.A. oral B. writtenC. writing D. vocal3. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Pa

2、role?ASaussureBChomskyCHallidayDAnonymous4. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performanceC. langue D. Language5. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and _.A. w

3、ordsB. soundsC. objects D. ideas6. Which of the following isnt the design features of human language?A. arbitrarinessB. performanceC. dualityD. displacement7. The core of linguistics excludes _.A. semanticsB. morphologyC. phoneticsD. psycholinguistics8. Morphology refers to the _ of words.A. science

4、B. formC. historyD. system9. The smallest meaningful unit of language is _.A. morphemeB. phoneC. phonemeD. allomorpheme10. The word “boyish” contains two _.A. phonemesB. morphsC. morphemesD. allomorphs11. _ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morp

5、hemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. FreeB. BoundC. RootD. Affix12. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called _ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. independent C. freeD. derivational13. _ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part

6、of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes14. In English “-ise” and “-tion” are called _.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. free morphemes15. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of _ to form a new word.A. rootB. affix C. stemD. word16. The w

7、ords such as “lab” and “doc” are _.A. formed by blendingB. acronymsC. coined by back-formationD. clipped words17. Chinese, the most popular language of the world, belongs to the _ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. AustronesianD. Afroasiatic18. An important set of extensive sound changes affec

8、ting vowels, known as the Great Vowel Shift, occurred at the end of the _.A. Old English period B. Middle English periodC. Modern English periodD. Middle ages19. The most widely-spread morphological changes in the historical development of English are the loss and addition of _.A. prefixesB. suffixe

9、sC. affixesD. case markings20. The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of _.A. gender markingsB. case markingsC. tense markingsD. both A and B21. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its _.A. soundB. vocabularyC. morphologi

10、cal systemD. syntax22. The most obvious way in which Modern English differs lexically from Old English is in the number of borrowed words from other languages, particular from _.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. German23. The word “Motel” comes from “motor+hotel”. This is an example of in morphology.A.Bac

11、kformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym 24. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?ASymbolicBDualCProductiveDArbitrary25. What is the most important function of language?AInterpersonalBPhaticCInformativeDMetalingual26. The description of a language at s

12、ome point in time is a _ study.A. synchronic B. diachronicC. historical D. comparative27. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language?AcompetenceBparoleCperformanceDlangue28. The function of the sentence A nice day, isnt it? is AinformativeBphaticCdirectiveD

13、performative29. Language is the tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves .A.an expressive functionB.an informative functionC.a performative functionD.a persuasive function31. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window,

14、he is performingA.an illocutionary act B. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary act D. none of the above32. The study of the mental process of language comprehension and production is A.corpus linguistics B. sociolinguisticsC.theoretical linguistics D. psycholinguistics 33. Which is the smallest unit

15、 of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?AWordBMorphemeCAllomorphDRoot34. Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?AMorphologyBSyntaxCPhonologyDSemantics35. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same for

16、m is calledA.hyponymy B. synonymy C. polysemy D. homonymy36. All words contain a _Aroot morphemeBbound morphemeCprefixDsuffix37. The relationship between fruit and apple is _AhomonymyBhyponymyCpolysemyDsynonymy38. The part of the grammar that represents a speakers knowledge of the structure of phras

17、es and sentences is called_AlexiconBmorphologyCsyntaxDsemantics39. The pair of words lend and borrow are _Agradable oppositesBconverse oppositesCco-hyponymsDsynonyms40. Big and Small are a pair of_ oppositesAcomplementaryBgradableCcompleteDconverse41. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pra

18、gmatics is the notion of A.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context 42. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A.a simple sentenceB.a coordinate sentenceC.a complex sentenceD.none of the above43. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it i

19、s used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example of A.widening of meaningB.narrowing of meaningC.meaning of shiftD.loss of meaning44. The words kid, child, offspring are examples of A.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms45. In the following conv

20、ersation:- Beirut is in Peru, isnt it?- And Rome is in Romania, I supposeThe second person violates the _AQuantity MaximBQuality MaximCRelation MaximDManner Maxim46. The maxim of requires that a participants contribution be relevant to the conversationAquantityBqualityCmannerDrelation47. Which of th

21、e following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?A Unlock B Government C Goes D Off-stage48. _ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.A Onomatopoeia B Collocation C Denotation D Assimilation49. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully” performs

22、a(n) _ function.A interrogative B informative C performative D directive50. The speech act theory was first put forward by A.John SearleB.John AustinC.Noam ChomskyD.M.A.K. HollidayDivide the following words into their separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next.Example: mi

23、crofilm: micro + filmmanuallydictationhomosexualperspectivebiologyIn what ways are the following expressions ambiguous? Explain them by two different tree diagrams and translate them into Chinese:The parents of the bride and the groom were waiting.He hit the boy with the steak.Write down the ten ways of forming new words and illustrate them with examples. （注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）