阅读理解科普和文化备战中考英语高能训练解析版.docx

1、阅读理解科普和文化备战中考英语高能训练解析版阅读理解科普和文化-备战2022年中考英语高能训练解析版专题阅读理解（科普和文化）（科普和文化）题型特点阅读理解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁的阅读材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。近年安徽中考英语阅读理解的体裁主要为叙事文和说明文。内容多样，科技知识、日常生活、哲理故事、文化习俗、名人介绍等。命题特点话题内容更加多样，更贴近考生生活，且有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节理解题为主，推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅。最后一篇设有3个问题，要求考生根据短文内容回答，既要求考生抓住内容信息，又要考查考生的语

2、言组织能力。答题技巧1.通读全文，了解文章大意；2.读问题，带着问题找答案；3.再读文章，检查答案正确性；4.每篇文章的花费时长约3至5分钟，包括问题来回需要走个两至三遍。不要过分相信自己的阅读能力，有些细节埋在内部，需要花一定的精力去辨别、判断。提个心做阅读理解才是正常心态。接中考1.（2021 深圳）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use

3、chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “Im being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, dif

4、ferent chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps（黄蜂; 蜜蜂）! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to

5、communicate. People cant hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Com and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearl

6、y every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even fo

7、od with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more

8、every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.21. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?A. They will kill the insects by themselves.B. They will control the wasp

9、s to kill the insects.C. They will send out signals to ask for help.D. They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.22. How are the wood wide web linked by fungi?A. By making noises with their roots.B. By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.C. By sharing food and in

10、formation with each other.D. By spreading chemicals to each other.23. What is the writers intention of the last paragraph?A. To give people hope for further studies.B. To praise scientists for their great achievements.C. To call on people to protect the plants on Earth.D. To inspire people to commun

11、icate with plants.24. What is the structure of the passage?A. B. C. D. 25. Which is the best title for the passage?A. The Secret Language of PlantsB. The Study about the Plant Warning SystemC. The Plants that Give WarningsD. Why Scientists Do Research about Plants【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A【解析

12、】21. D 根据“This happens when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “Im being attacked!”当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。植物从正在被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像是警告，或者求救:“我被攻击了!”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号，故选D。22. B根据“The

13、 wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other.”可知，真菌是通过相互连接不同植物的根来连接“the wood wide web”的，故选B。23. A根据最后一段的信息“Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough abo

14、ut plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.”科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间的秘密交流方式。也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈”。可推知作者是想给人们进一步研究的希望，故选A。24. B通读全文可知，本文第一段主要介绍了植物会说话和交流，第二、三、四段分述了植物主要通过哪几种方式进行交流，第五段又进行了总述给人们对植物进一步研究的希望；因此本文是采用总分总的结构来写的，故选B。25. A通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流，结合选项，可

15、知A选项“植物的秘密语言”符合题意，故选A。2.（2021 南通）In December 2020, “the Super Apple” appeared at supermarkets across China, sweeter and juicier than usual ones, without pesticide residue(农药残留). Before reaching the market, the products had been tested over 500 times. Blockchain(区块链) technology in recording farmers a

16、ctions is widely used to avoid nonstandard pesticide use. Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality. “The future of agriculture lies in the modern technology.” Huang Jikun, Professor of the China Centre for Agricultural Policy at

17、Peking University, told Beijing Review.At Chinas Central Rural Work Conference in 2020, President Xi stressed that efforts must be made to increase the quality of agriculture. Xi also pointed out the importance of speeding up technologies.Chinas agriculture has entered a stage of high-quality develo

18、pment, as the country is meeting peoples increasing need for high standard products. So agriculture should turn to technology.Three years ago, Yuan Longping led a program of planting rice in salinealkali(盐碱) soil in areas, including Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Through hybrid technology, Yuans team ha

19、ve been able to raise improved rice for saline and alkaline soils. If China could put 6.67 million hectares of salinealkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country.In Lushui, Yunnan Province, one can rarely see farm

20、ers working on the farm. All common tasks are completed automatically(自动化地). Data(数据) is gathered by the system to improve future production.“More information and technology centres will be built so that basic data and big data can be improved, and technologies like 5G and the BeiDou Satellite Navig

21、ation System can be used in the field.”said Han Fujun, Deputy Chief Engineer of the Information Center of MARA.Since 2010, the Chinese government has been organizing technology exchanges, training, field trips and other activities for the agricultural technology talents to better understand the situ

22、ations of each area.Because of the COVID-19, companies begin to rethink better agricultural models, as more people want to eat healthier foods. Science and technology will play a more important role in the future.38. Which of the following makes “the Super Apple” sweeter and juicier?A. The apple sto

23、rage. B. The modern technology.C. The product test. D. The record of farmers actions.39. From the passage we know that _.A. traditional Chinese agriculture is out of date nowB. farmers will pay less attention to technologiesC. Chinas agriculture plays a lead role in the worldD. people now need more

24、quality agricultural products40. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Yuans program is a huge contribution to China.B. Farmers are busy collecting the data in Lushui.C. 5G and BeiDou system are rarely used in the centres.D. Talents organize activities to understand each area.41

25、. The passage mainly wants to tell us _.A. Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist in farmingB. Chinas agriculture develops fast to meet peoples needC. science and technology improves Chinas agricultureD. more agricultural models will appear after COVID-19【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C【解析】38. B根据“Di

26、gital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality”可知，是科技让这种苹果更甜，汁更多，故选B。 39. D根据“as the country is meeting peoples increasing need for high standard products”可知，人们现在需要更多的优质农产品，故选D。 40. A根据“If China could put 6.67 million hectares of salinea

27、lkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country”可知，袁隆平带领团队成功在盐碱地种植水稻是对国家的一个巨大贡献，A选项表述正确，故选A。41. C通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在科学和科技的帮助下，农业进入了高质量发展阶段，故选C。3.（2021 宿迁）When your town has winter, the earths axis(轴) is pointing away from

28、 the sun. Your town doesnt get as much light or heat from the sun. The days are shorter and colder.Winter and summer happen because the earth is tilted(倾斜) as it revolves around the sun. The northern end of the earths axis points towards the sun in summer. You have more hours of light in summer. You

29、r part of the earth is towards the sun for more hours each day. When the part of the earth where you live is towards the sun, you have hotter days. In winter, when your part of the earth points away from the sun, you have colder days.You have learned about winter and summer. There are two more seaso

30、ns in the year. One comes after winter and before summer. The other season comes after summer and before winter. Can you name them? Thats right. Spring comes between winter and summer and autumn comes after summer but before winter.The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring and a

31、utumn are apposite seasons. Which season do you like best?You have thought about the four seasons of the year. Each season is different. The seasons are made by the northern end of the axis pointing towards or away from the sun.Your part of the world gets more heat from the sun when the northern end

32、 of the axis points to the sun. When the axis points away from the sun, you get less heat. Now you know why winter is colder than summer. The axis is pointing away from the sun in winter. It is pointing towards the sun in summer.34. What does the underlined word “revolves” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Moves. B. Turns. C. Jumps. D. Sites.35. What is the passage mainly about?A. How four seasons happen. B. How the weather changes.C. When the earths axis point