阅读理解科普和文化备战中考英语高能训练解析版.docx

阅读理解科普和文化备战中考英语高能训练解析版.docx

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阅读理解科普和文化备战中考英语高能训练解析版

阅读理解科普和文化-备战2022年中考英语高能训练

解析版

专题　阅读理解（科普和文化）

（科普和文化）

题型特点

阅读理解主要考查考生对各种话题和体裁的阅读材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。

近年安徽中考英语阅读理解的体裁主要为叙事文和说明文。

内容多样，科技知识、日常生活、哲理故事、文化习俗、名人介绍等。

命题特点

话题内容更加多样，更贴近考生生活，且有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。

题型设置以细节理解题为主，推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题为辅。

最后一篇设有3个问题，要求考生根据短文内容回答，既要求考生抓住内容信息，又要考查考生的语言组织能力。

答题技巧

1.通读全文，了解文章大意；

2.读问题，带着问题找答案；

3.再读文章，检查答案正确性；

4.每篇文章的花费时长约3至5分钟，包括问题来回需要走个两至三遍。

不要过分相信自己的阅读能力，有些细节埋在内部，需要花一定的精力去辨别、判断。

提个心做阅读理解才是正常心态。

接中考

1.（2021深圳）

Canplantstalk?

Modernresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:

theydocommunicatewitheachother.

Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappenswhenaplantgetsattackedbyinsects.Theplantgivesoutchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:

“I’mbeingattacked!

”Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsown,differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractthewasps（黄蜂;蜜蜂）!

Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingtheplants.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowmorecrops.

Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds;butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Comandchiliplantsdothis.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater.

Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi（霉菌）.Itlinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.ItisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,itmayleadtobadeffects.Plantsmayuseittostealfoodfromeachother,orspreadchemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.

Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthemourselves.

21.Whatwillplantsdowhentheyareattackedbyinsects?

A.Theywillkilltheinsectsbythemselves.

B.Theywillcontrolthewaspstokilltheinsects.

C.Theywillsendoutsignalstoaskforhelp.

D.Theywillproducechemicalsasawarningoracallforhelp.

22.Howarethewoodwideweblinkedbyfungi?

A.Bymakingnoiseswiththeirroots.

B.Byconnectingtherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.

C.Bysharingfoodandinformationwitheachother.

D.Byspreadingchemicalstoeachother.

23.Whatisthewriter’sintentionofthelastparagraph?

A.Togivepeoplehopeforfurtherstudies.

B.Topraisescientistsfortheirgreatachievements.

C.TocallonpeopletoprotecttheplantsonEarth.

D.Toinspirepeopletocommunicatewithplants.

24.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

25.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheSecretLanguageofPlants

B.TheStudyaboutthePlantWarningSystem

C.ThePlantsthatGiveWarnings

D.WhyScientistsDoResearchaboutPlants

【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.A

【解析】

21.D根据“Thishappenswhenaplantgetsatackedbyinsects.Theplantgivesoutchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:

“I’mbeingattacked!

””当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。

植物从正在被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。

这就像是警告，或者求救:

“我被攻击了!

”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号，故选D。

22.B根据“Thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi（霉菌）.Itlinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.”可知，真菌是通过相互连接不同植物的根来连接“thewoodwideweb”的，故选B。

23.A根据最后一段的信息“Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthemourselves.”科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间的秘密交流方式。

也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈”。

可推知作者是想给人们进一步研究的希望，故选A。

24.B通读全文可知，本文第一段主要介绍了植物会说话和交流，第二、三、四段分述了植物主要通过哪几种方式进行交流，第五段又进行了总述给人们对植物进一步研究的希望；因此本文是采用总—分—总的结构来写的，故选B。

25.A通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流，结合选项，可知A选项“植物的秘密语言”符合题意，故选A。

2.（2021南通）

InDecember2020,“theSuperApple”appearedatsupermarketsacrossChina,sweeterandjuicierthanusualones,withoutpesticideresidue（农药残留）.Beforereachingthemarket,theproductshadbeentestedover500times.Blockchain（区块链）technologyinrecordingfarmers’actionsiswidelyusedtoavoidnonstandardpesticideuse.Digitaltechnologyattheapplestoragehelpstogroupapples,whichcankeepthestability（稳定性）inthequality.“Thefutureofagricultureliesinthemoderntechnology.”HuangJikun,ProfessoroftheChinaCentreforAgriculturalPolicyatPekingUniversity,toldBeijingReview.

AtChina’sCentralRuralWorkConferencein2020,PresidentXistressedthateffortsmustbemadetoincreasethequalityofagriculture.Xialsopointedouttheimportanceofspeedinguptechnologies.

China’sagriculturehasenteredastageofhigh-qualitydevelopment,asthecountryismeetingpeople’sincreasingneedforhighstandardproducts.Soagricultureshouldturntotechnology.

Threeyearsago,YuanLongpingledaprogramofplantingriceinsaline－alkali（盐碱）soilinareas,includingXinjiangandHeilongjiang.Throughhybridtechnology,Yuan’steamhavebeenabletoraiseimprovedriceforsalineandalkalinesoils.IfChinacouldput6.67millionhectaresofsaline－alkalisoilintoriceproduction,itwouldbeverylikelytoincreasebyaround30milliontons,ahugecontributiontothecountry.

InLushui,YunnanProvince,onecanrarelyseefarmersworkingonthefarm.Allcommontasksarecompletedautomatically（自动化地）.Data（数据）isgatheredbythesystemtoimprovefutureproduction.

“Moreinformationandtechnologycentreswillbebuiltsothatbasicdataandbigdatacanbeimproved,andtechnologieslike5GandtheBeiDouSatelliteNavigationSystemcanbeusedinthefield.”saidHanFujun,DeputyChiefEngineeroftheInformationCenterofMARA.

Since2010,theChinesegovernmenthasbeenorganizingtechnologyexchanges,training,fieldtripsandotheractivitiesfortheagriculturaltechnologytalentstobetterunderstandthesituationsofeacharea.

BecauseoftheCOVID-19,companiesbegintorethinkbetteragriculturalmodels,asmorepeoplewanttoeathealthierfoods.Scienceandtechnologywillplayamoreimportantroleinthefuture.

38.Whichofthefollowingmakes“theSuperApple”sweeterandjuicier?

A.Theapplestorage.B.Themoderntechnology.

C.Theproducttest.D.Therecordoffarmers’actions.

39.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.

A.traditionalChineseagricultureisoutofdatenow

B.farmerswillpaylessattentiontotechnologies

C.China’sagricultureplaysaleadroleintheworld

D.peoplenowneedmorequalityagriculturalproducts

40.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Yuan’sprogramisahugecontributiontoChina.

B.FarmersarebusycollectingthedatainLushui.

C.5GandBeiDousystemarerarelyusedinthecentres.

D.Talentsorganizeactivitiestounderstandeacharea.

41.Thepassagemainlywantstotellus________.

A.YuanLongpingisagreatChinesescientistinfarming

B.China’sagriculturedevelopsfasttomeetpeople’sneed

C.scienceandtechnologyimprovesChina’sagriculture

D.moreagriculturalmodelswillappearafterCOVID-19

【答案】38.B39.D40.A41.C

【解析】

38.B根据“Digitaltechnologyattheapplestoragehelpstogroupapples,whichcankeepthestability（稳定性）inthequality”可知，是科技让这种苹果更甜，汁更多，故选B。

39.D根据“asthecountryismeetingpeople’sincreasingneedforhighstandardproducts”可知，人们现在需要更多的优质农产品，故选D。

40.A根据“IfChinacouldput6.67millionhectaresofsaline－alkalisoilintoriceproduction,itwouldbeverylikelytoincreasebyaround30milliontons,ahugecontributiontothecountry”可知，袁隆平带领团队成功在盐碱地种植水稻是对国家的一个巨大贡献，A选项表述正确，故选A。

41.C通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在科学和科技的帮助下，农业进入了高质量发展阶段，故选C。

3.（2021宿迁）

Whenyourtownhaswinter,theearth’saxis（轴）ispointingawayfromthesun.Yourtowndoesn’tgetasmuchlightorheatfromthesun.Thedaysareshorterandcolder.

Winterandsummerhappenbecausetheearthistilted（倾斜）asitrevolvesaroundthesun.Thenorthernendoftheearth’saxispointstowardsthesuninsummer.Youhavemorehoursoflightinsummer.Yourpartoftheearthistowardsthesunformorehourseachday.Whenthepartoftheearthwhereyouliveistowardsthesun,youhavehotterdays.Inwinter,whenyourpartoftheearthpointsawayfromthesun,youhavecolderdays.

Youhavelearnedaboutwinterandsummer.Therearetwomoreseasonsintheyear.Onecomesafterwinterandbeforesummer.Theotherseasoncomesaftersummerandbeforewinter.Canyounamethem?

That’sright.Springcomesbetweenwinterandsummerandautumncomesaftersummerbutbeforewinter.

Thefourseasonsarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.Springandautumnareappositeseasons.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?

Youhavethoughtaboutthefourseasonsoftheyear.Eachseasonisdifferent.Theseasonsaremadebythenorthernendoftheaxispointingtowardsorawayfromthesun.

Yourpartoftheworldgetsmoreheatfromthesunwhenthenorthernendoftheaxispointstothesun.Whentheaxispointsawayfromthesun,yougetlessheat.Nowyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer.Theaxisispointingawayfromthesuninwinter.Itispointingtowardsthesuninsummer.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“revolves”inparagraph2mean?

A.Moves.B.Turns.C.Jumps.D.Sites.

35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howfourseasonshappen.B.Howtheweatherchanges.

C.Whentheearth’saxispoint