高三英语二轮专题复习第10节 饮食与健康二.docx

1、高三英语二轮专题复习第10节 饮食与健康二第10节饮食与健康(二).阅读理解AThe year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history.It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world.Other estimates go much higher.Because of a lack of medical

2、recordkeeping，we may never know the exact number.The influenza was a fast killer.Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms.Others died after a few days.“Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.” The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks.It struck many

3、 young，healthy people.Viruses usually affect sick or old people.Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases，influenza remains difficult to protect against.The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world.Each year，medi

4、cal scientists develop flu vaccines(疫苗) which offer immunity(免疫) from some influenza viruses.But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic.New forms of the flu virus appear regularly.One example was the “swine flu”or H1N1 out

5、break in 2009.Anthony Fauci，Director of the National Institute of Infectious diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.To stop the next pandemic，scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine.In October 2017，Vanderbilt University Medical Center

6、in the US.announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative.The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world.The university added that researchers will begin t

7、ests in early 2018，the Human Vaccines Project，a publicprivate partnership，is funding the project.However，until a universal influenza vaccine is available，todays seasonal flu vaccine remains important.语篇解读2018将是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年纪念。1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5 000万人死亡。为了阻止下一次大流行，科学家们正在研究如何制造一种通用流感疫苗。1What do

8、we know about the influenza in 1918?AIt swept across the whole Europe.BNo one survived the first few days.CIt killed the largest number of people.DIt struck only young and healthy people.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people aro

9、und the world.”可知选C。2Why is influenza difficult to protect against?AIt spreads too rapidly.BIt is quite easy to catch.CNo vaccine is available.DIts hard to judge the form of virus.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each year，medical scientists develop flu vaccines.But they can only guess which form of the virus wil

10、l spread.”可知，每年，医学科学家都在研制流感疫苗。但他们只能猜测病毒的哪种菌株会传播。由此可以推断出流感仍然难以抵御是因为专家不能确定病毒的类型。故选D。3What does the author want to tell by mentioning H1N1 in 2009?ANew forms of flu virus keep appearing.BIt was the most serious in recent years.CIt was caused by the same flu virus of 1918.DThe H1N1 virus was deadly as w

11、ell.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic.New forms of the flu virus appear regularly.One example was the swine flu or H1N1 outbreak in 2009.”可知，举例是为了说明新的流感病毒还在不断出现。故选A。4What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine?AThe development is quite costly

12、.BIt will be used all over the world.CIt can protect against all forms of flu.DIt will soon come into use in 2018.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu a

13、nywhere in the world.”可知，通用流感疫苗可以抵御世界上任何地方的所有类型的流感病毒。故选C。B(2018辽宁辽南协作校一模)Michelin inspectors，the super secret spies of the restaurant industry，are the anonymous(匿名的) keepers of the famous Michelin star rating.Theyve been writing anonymous reports of restaurants for over 100 years.“We say its a littl

14、e like the CIA，” said inspector “M” with a laugh.She asked that her identity not be revealed.“My whole life is staying under the radar，staying away from cameras，using fake names，trying to sneak in and out of restaurants quietly.”Along with their boss，Jean Luc Naret，the director of the Michelin Guide

15、，about 90 inspectors around the world decide which restaurants will win the cooking equivalent(等价物) of an Oscar，a Nobel Prize and Megamillions jackpot(百万彩票) all at once.The Michelin Guide covers 23 countries，and out of the 45,000 rated restaurants，less than 100 have the top ratingonly nine American

16、restaurants carry three stars.If the name “Michelin” brings the tires on your car to mind，youre not too far off.The Michelin rating began in France in 1900 as a marketing trick.The Michelin brothers thought their customers would burn more rubber if given a list of hotels and restaurants to explore.I

17、nspector “M” admitted being an inspector led to a lonely dining life.“Most of the time we dine alone，” she said.“It gives us the ability to really focus on the food and the atmosphere and capture the entire experience.” To cover their tracks，“M” said sometimes two inspectors would dine together and

18、write two separate papers.Its better than saying “table for one”，right?“When youre really，really into food and very crazy about food，everything else thats going on around you isnt so important，” she said.语篇解读米其林指南在全球美食界具有相当的权威性。这得益于有一群为之服务的“美食侦探”，他们行踪隐秘，竭力避开公众的目光，游走于世界各地的餐厅酒店，为米其林指南搜罗一切美食情报。5The und

19、erlined words “under the radar” in Paragraph 2 mean “ ”Aliving in dangerBbeing the focus of the mediaCtrying to be unnoticedDmaking programs on the radio答案C解析词义猜测题。根据其后的“staying away from cameras，using fake names，trying to sneak in and out of restaurants quietly”可以看出美食侦探使用假名字、避开摄像机、悄悄进入和离开饭店，都是为了尽量不

20、引人注意。分析选项可知C项正确。6The Michelin rating was first carried out in order to .Aopen more hotels and restaurantsBbring more convenience to driversCmake people familiar with “Michelin”Dmake a profit by selling more tires of a certain brand答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Michelin rating began in France in 1900 as a m

21、arketing trick.The Michelin brothers thought their customers would burn more rubber if given a list of hotels and restaurants to explore.”可以看出，最初米其林兄弟推出米其林指南是一个促销策略，是为了卖出更多的米其林轮胎，从而获取利润。故选D项。7Sometimes two inspectors dine together so that they can .Acut the expense on the foodBprotect their identiti

22、esCsave trouble by sharing a paperDtalk about the food over the meal答案B解析细节理解题。 根据第五段尤其是“To cover their tracks，M said sometimes two inspectors would dine together and write two separate papers.”可知，有时两名美食侦探一起前往一家餐厅是为了便于隐藏身份。故选B项。8What would be the best title for the text?AMs Experience as a CIABThe L

23、egend of Michelin BrothersCMichelin Inspectors: Food Industry SpiesDMichelinA Giant in Tire and Restaurant Industry答案C解析标题归纳题。文章主要讲了米其林指南在全球美食界具有相当的权威性。这得益于有一群为之服务的“美食侦探”，他们行踪隐秘，竭力避开公众的目光，游走于世界各地的餐厅酒店，为米其林指南搜罗一切美食情报。故C项最适合作标题。.七选五TV time can cause a loss to your childs nutrition.Why？Many kids spend

24、a great amount of time in front of the television. 9 Some of the foods shown in commercials dont do them any good when it comes to feeding their growing brains and bodies.Many are high in fat，sugar，sodium and/or calories and they often lack vitamins，minerals and fiber.How can you control TV attracti

25、ons？Registered dietitian Karen Ansel，MS，RD，offers these tips：Watch commercials with your kids.Ask them what they think of the foods being shown and what might be some tasty (more healthful) ones.When kids are making choices，“health” and “nutrition” are not big motivators. 10 Some foods will help the

26、m run faster，jump higher，be stronger，etc.Help your kids learn more about their foods. 11 Help them “see whats inside” an advertised food they want to try.Its a great way to discuss the nutritional value of a food. 12 And have them jump in to help out.Kids are naturally curious.Take advantage of thei

27、r desire for discovery to tell them the amazing flavors，shapes and colors of healthful foods.Put a few limits to TV time.TV can become the toleration activity for kidssomething easy to do for long periods of time. 13 Instead of simply telling kids to turn off the TV，have a few fun choices to take it

28、s place，ideally ones that get kids up and active.ABring the kids into the kitchen.BMake your kids care about what they eat.CThere are healthy foods in advertisements.DTeach them to look at an ingredient list.ELink healthful foods with things your kids care about.FSet a few guidelines for when and ho

29、w much television is OK.GResearches show they are easily affected to choose the foods they see advertised.语篇解读孩子们长时间看电视，在选择食物时很容易受到电视广告的影响。那么该如何控制这种影响呢？本文针对这个问题给出了一些建议。9答案G解析根据前文可知“Many kids spend a great amount of time in front of the television.”这里描述了一个现象：孩子们花大量的时间看电视。后文是“Some of the foods shown i

30、n commercials dont do them any good when it comes to feeding their growing brains and bodies.”暗示广告上的一些食物对孩子们的健康无益。说明画线处是一个起连接作用的句子，将“孩子们长时间看电视”这一现象和“广告影响孩子们吃健康食物”连接起来。G选项“Researches show they are easily affected to choose the foods they see advertised.”(研究发现孩子们很容易受到影响，选择广告上的食物)符合语境，很好地连接了上下文。故选G。10答

31、案E解析根据前文“When kids are making choices，health and nutrition are not big motivators.”可知孩子们在选择食物时，不懂“健康”和“营养”的概念，那些对他们的吸引力也不大。所以推测出家长需要帮助孩子们把健康食物和有吸引力的东西联系起来，例如后文的“run faster，jump higher，be stronger”。故选E。11答案D解析根据小标题“Help your kids learn more about their foods.”可知这一段主要是讲作者建议家长帮助孩子去了解他们的食物。D选项“Teach the

32、m to look at an ingredient list”(教孩子们看成分表)是帮助孩子了解食物的一种方式，符合语境。故选D。12答案A解析分析前后文可知画线处要填一个小标题。根据后文“And have them jump in to help out.”中的to help out“去帮忙”，可知这里是建议家长把孩子们带到厨房，让他们帮忙干活，还可以趁机教孩子们健康食物的外观、形状和颜色等等。所以A项“Bring the kids into the kitchen.”符合语境。故选A。13答案F解析根据小标题“Put a few limits to TV time.”(给电视时间设置一些限制)