List of contaminated cell lines.docx

1、List of contaminated cell linesList of contaminated cell linesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis is a list ofcell cultureswhich have been cross-contaminated and overgrown by other cells. A project is currently underway to enumerate and rename contaminated cell lines to avoid errors in researc

2、h caused by misattribution (Masters, 2002). Estimates based on screening ofleukemia-lymphomacell lines suggest that about 15% of these cell lines are not representative of what they are usually assumed to be (Drexleret al., 2002).Contaminated cell lines have been extensively used in research without

3、 knowledge of their true character. For example, most if not all research on the endothelium ECV-304 or the megakaryocyte DAMI cell lines has in reality been conducted onbladdercarcinomaanderythroleukemiacells, respectively. Thus, all research on endothelium- or megakaryocyte-specific functions util

4、izing these cell lines has turned out to be worthless, except as a warning example.There are two principal ways a cell line can become contaminated: cell cultures are often exchanged between research groups; if, during handling, a sample gets contaminated and then passed on, subsequent exchanges of

5、cells will lead to the contaminating population being established, although parts of the supposed cell line are still genuine. More serious is contamination at the source: during establishment of the original cell line, some contaminating cells are accidentally introduced into the cultures, where th

6、ey in time outgrow the desired cells. The initial testing, in this case, still suggested that the cell line is genuine and novel, but in reality, it has disappeared soon after being established andallsamples of such cell lines are actually the contaminant cells. It requires lengthy research to deter

7、mine the precise point where cell lines have become contaminated.Cell lines markedVirtualin the table below are known instances of contamination at the source; these cell lines went extinct or never existed. Cases where non-contaminated lines areknown or strongly suspectedto exist are markedExtantCo

8、ntaminated cell lines shouldneverbe used for research demanding the specific type of cell line they are assumed to be, and most of them should ideally be discarded or at least not used in research at all, except when the contaminant cells have acquired novel characteristics (e.g., bymutationor viral

9、transfection, for example the HeLa derivateDet98) and thus constitute a novel lineage after all.If in doubt, researchers should test cell lines for authenticity; the references listed below contain some papers on how common contaminants can be recognized. It is worth noting that the widespread conta

10、mination with HeLa cells was initially recognized byWalter Nelson-Reesusing simpleGiemsastainkaryotypingunder alight microscope. This technique works well in recognizing HeLa because these cells have distinctivechromosomeaberrations.Novel cell lines should be proliferated and distributed and/or depo

11、sited at a safekeeping institution such as theATCCas soon as possible after establishment, to minimize the odds that the line becomes spoiled by contamination. It isgood practiceto periodically check cell lines maintained under laboratory conditions (i.e., not placed in long-term storage) for contam

12、ination with HeLa or other common contaminants, to ensure that their quality and integrity is maintained.Contentshide 1Lists of contaminated cell lineso 1.1Contaminated human cell lineso 1.2Contaminated non-human cell lines 2ReferencesLists of contaminated cell lineseditIf no species is given in the

13、 individual entries, the tables species applies to both the assumed and the actual cell types.This is anincomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byexpanding itwithreliably sourcedentries.Contaminated human cell lineseditSupposed cell lin

14、eExtant?Supposed cell typeReal cell lineReal cell typeReference207Extant?pre-B cellleukemiaREH or CCRF-CEMpre-B cellorT cellleukemiaMacLeodet al.(1999)2474/90VirtualstomachcarcinomaHT-29coloncarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)2563, MAC-21lunglymphomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)2957/90V

15、irtualstomachcarcinomaHT-29coloncarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)3051/80VirtualstomachcarcinomaHT-29coloncarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)ADLC-5M2VirtuallungcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)AG-FVirtualHodgkins diseaseCCRF-CEM variantT cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(1999)AOamnionHeLacervicalade

16、nocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)ARH-77Extant?plasma cellleukemiaunknownEpstein-Barr virus-transfectedB celllymphoblastoidDrexleret al.(1999)AV3amnionHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)BCC1/KMCVirtualbasal cellcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)B

17、E-13VirtualT cellleukemiaPEERT cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)BJA-BExtantBurkitts lymphomaREHpre-B cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)BLIN-1, -1E8Virtualpre-B cellleukemiaNALM-6pre-B cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)BM-1604VirtualprostatecarcinomaDU-145prostatecarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)BrCa 5breastcarci

18、nomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)BT-20breastcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)CaMabreastcarcinomaunknownLaboratory mouse/Golden hamstercellsNelson-Reeset al.(1981)CaOVovariancarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)CaVestomachcar

19、cinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)Chang liverliverHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976);Lacroix(2008)CHBastrocytomaunknownLaboratory ratglial cells?Nelson-Reeset al.(1981)CMP, CMPII C2intestinaladenocarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flanderme

20、yer (1976)CO (COLE)VirtualHodgkins diseaseCCRF-CEMT cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(1999)COLO-818melanomaCOLO-800melanomaMacLeodet al.(1999)D18TsynovialcellHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)DAMIVirtualmegakaryocyticHELerythroleukemiaMacLeodet al.(1997a, b)DAPTpilocytic astrocytoma

21、HeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)Det6 (Detroit 6)sternalmarrowHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)Det30A (Detroit 30A)carcinomaascitesHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)Det98 (Detroit 98), Det98/AG,Det98/AH-2, Det98/AHRsternalm

22、arrowHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)DDVirtualmalignant histiocytosisK-562terminalCMLDrexleret al.(2003)EB33prostateHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)ECV-304VirtualnormalendotheliumT-24bladdercarcinomaDirkset al.(1999);Lacroix(2008)EHVirtualhairy c

23、ell leukemiaHKhairy cell leukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)ElCobreastcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)EPLC-65VirtuallungcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)EPLC3-2M1VirtuallungcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)ESP1SporadicBurkitts lym

24、phomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)EU-1Virtualpre-B cellleukemiaREHpre-B cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)EU-7VirtualT cellleukemiaCCRF-CEMT cellleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)EUEfetalsubcutisHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)EVLC2transfectedumbilical veinendoth

25、eliumunknownnon-endothelial?Ungeret al.(2002)F2-4E5VirtualthymusepitheliumSK-HEP-1livercarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)F2-5B6VirtualthymusepitheliumSK-HEP-1livercarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)F255A4?HeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)FL, FLAamnionHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flande

26、rmeyer (1976)FQ, RB, RY, SpRHodgkins diseasespleenOMK-210Three-striped night monkeykidneyNelson-Reeset al.(1981)G-11breastcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Reeset al.(1981)GHEVirtualastrocytomaT-24bladdercarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)Girardi heartheartHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Fl

27、andermeyer (1976);Lacroix(2008)GM1312myelomaunknownEpstein-Barr virus-transfectedB celllymphoblastoidDrexleret al.(2003)GM1500myelomaunknownEpstein-Barr virus-transfectedB celllymphoblastoidDrexleret al.(2003)GREF-XVirtuallivermyofibroblastunknownLaboratory ratcell lineMacLeodet al.(1999)HAENDlivera

28、ngiosarcomaunknownnon-endothelial?Ungeret al.(2002)HAGVirtualadenomatoidgoitreT-24bladdercarcinomaMacLeodet al.(1999)HBCinfiltrating ductal carcinomaunknownRatcell lineNelson-Reeset al.(1981)HBT3, HBT-E, HBT-39bbreastcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)HCEcervicalcarc

29、inomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)HEKembryonickidneyHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)HEK/HRVtransfectedembryonickidneyHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaNelson-Rees & Flandermeyer (1976)HEL-R66embryoniclungunknownGrivetcell lineNelson-Reeset al.(1981)HEp-2larynxepidermoidcarcinomaHeLacervicaladenocarcinomaChen (1988);Lacroix(2008)HIMEG-1Extant?CMLHL-60myeloblasticleukemiaDrexleret al.(2003)HKB-1VirtualHodgkins diseaseunknownunknownDrexleret al.