List of contaminated cell lines.docx
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Listofcontaminatedcelllines
Listofcontaminatedcelllines
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Thisisalistof cellcultures whichhavebeencross-contaminatedandovergrownbyothercells.Aprojectiscurrentlyunderwaytoenumerateandrenamecontaminatedcelllinestoavoiderrorsinresearchcausedbymisattribution(Masters,2002).Estimatesbasedonscreeningof leukemia-lymphoma celllinessuggestthatabout15%ofthesecelllinesarenotrepresentativeofwhattheyareusuallyassumedtobe(Drexler etal.,2002).
Contaminatedcelllineshavebeenextensivelyusedinresearchwithoutknowledgeoftheirtruecharacter.Forexample,mostifnotallresearchonthe"endothelium"ECV-304orthe"megakaryocyte"DAMIcelllineshasinrealitybeenconductedon bladder carcinoma and erythroleukemia cells,respectively.Thus,allresearchonendothelium-ormegakaryocyte-specificfunctionsutilizingthesecelllineshasturnedouttobeworthless,exceptasawarningexample.
Therearetwoprincipalwaysacelllinecanbecomecontaminated:
cellculturesareoftenexchangedbetweenresearchgroups;if,duringhandling,asamplegetscontaminatedandthenpassedon,subsequentexchangesofcellswillleadtothecontaminatingpopulationbeingestablished,althoughpartsofthesupposedcelllinearestillgenuine.Moreseriousiscontaminationatthesource:
duringestablishmentoftheoriginalcellline,somecontaminatingcellsareaccidentallyintroducedintothecultures,wheretheyintimeoutgrowthedesiredcells.Theinitialtesting,inthiscase,stillsuggestedthatthecelllineisgenuineandnovel,butinreality,ithasdisappearedsoonafterbeingestablishedand all samplesofsuchcelllinesareactuallythecontaminantcells.Itrequireslengthyresearchtodeterminetheprecisepointwherecelllineshavebecomecontaminated.
Celllinesmarked Virtual inthetablebelowareknowninstancesofcontaminationatthesource;thesecelllineswentextinctorneverexisted.Caseswherenon-contaminatedlinesare knownorstronglysuspected toexistaremarked Extant
Contaminatedcelllinesshould never beusedforresearchdemandingthespecifictypeofcelllinetheyareassumedtobe,andmostofthemshouldideallybediscardedoratleastnotusedinresearchatall,exceptwhenthecontaminantcellshaveacquirednovelcharacteristics(e.g.,by mutation orviral transfection,forexampletheHeLaderivate Det98)andthusconstituteanovellineageafterall.
Ifindoubt,researchersshouldtestcelllinesforauthenticity;thereferenceslistedbelowcontainsomepapersonhowcommoncontaminantscanberecognized.ItisworthnotingthatthewidespreadcontaminationwithHeLacellswasinitiallyrecognizedby WalterNelson-Rees usingsimple Giemsa stain karyotyping undera lightmicroscope.ThistechniqueworkswellinrecognizingHeLabecausethesecellshavedistinctive chromosome aberrations.
Novelcelllinesshouldbeproliferatedanddistributedand/ordepositedatasafekeepinginstitutionsuchasthe ATCC assoonaspossibleafterestablishment,tominimizetheoddsthatthelinebecomesspoiledbycontamination.Itis goodpractice toperiodicallycheckcelllinesmaintainedunderlaboratoryconditions(i.e.,notplacedinlong-termstorage)forcontaminationwithHeLaorothercommoncontaminants,toensurethattheirqualityandintegrityismaintained.
Contents
[hide]
∙1 Listsofcontaminatedcelllines
o1.1 Contaminatedhumancelllines
o1.2 Contaminatednon-humancelllines
∙2 References
Listsofcontaminatedcelllines[edit]
Ifnospeciesisgivenintheindividualentries,thetable'sspeciesappliestoboththeassumedandtheactualcelltypes.
Thisisan incompletelist,whichmayneverbeabletosatisfyparticularstandardsforcompleteness.Youcanhelpby expandingit with reliablysourced entries.
Contaminatedhumancelllines[edit]
Supposedcellline
Extant?
Supposedcelltype
Realcellline
Realcelltype
Reference
207
Extant?
pre-Bcell leukemia
REHorCCRF-CEM
pre-Bcell or Tcell leukemia
MacLeod etal. (1999)
2474/90
Virtual
stomach carcinoma
HT-29
colon carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
2563,MAC-21
lung lymphoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
2957/90
Virtual
stomach carcinoma
HT-29
colon carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
3051/80
Virtual
stomach carcinoma
HT-29
colon carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
ADLC-5M2
Virtual
lung carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
AG-F
Virtual
Hodgkin'sdisease
CCRF-CEMvariant
Tcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (1999)
AO
amnion
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
ARH-77
Extant?
plasmacell leukemia
unknown
Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid
Drexler etal. (1999)
AV3
amnion
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
BCC1/KMC
Virtual
basalcell carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
BE-13
Virtual
Tcell leukemia
PEER
Tcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
BJA-B
Extant
Burkitt'slymphoma
REH
pre-Bcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
BLIN-1,-1E8
Virtual
pre-Bcell leukemia
NALM-6
pre-Bcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
BM-1604
Virtual
prostate carcinoma
DU-145
prostate carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
BrCa5
breast carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
BT-20
breast carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
CaMa
breast carcinoma
unknown
Laboratorymouse/Goldenhamster cells
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
CaOV
ovarian carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
CaVe
stomach carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
Changliver
liver
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976); Lacroix (2008)
CHB
astrocytoma
unknown
Laboratoryrat glialcells?
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
CMP,CMPIIC2
intestinal adenocarcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
CO(COLE)
Virtual
Hodgkin'sdisease
CCRF-CEM
Tcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (1999)
COLO-818
melanoma
COLO-800
melanoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
D18T
synovial cell
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
DAMI
Virtual
megakaryocytic
HEL
erythroleukemia
MacLeod etal. (1997a,b)
DAPT
pilocyticastrocytoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
Det6(Detroit6)
sternal marrow
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
Det30A(Detroit30A)
carcinoma ascites
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
Det98(Detroit98),Det98/AG,
Det98/AH-2,Det98/AHR
sternal marrow
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
DD
Virtual
malignanthistiocytosis
K-562
terminal CML
Drexler etal. (2003)
EB33
prostate
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
ECV-304
Virtual
normal endothelium
T-24
bladder carcinoma
Dirks etal. (1999); Lacroix (2008)
EH
Virtual
hairycellleukemia
HK
hairycellleukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
ElCo
breast carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
EPLC-65
Virtual
lung carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
EPLC3-2M1
Virtual
lung carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
ESP1
Sporadic Burkitt'slymphoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
EU-1
Virtual
pre-Bcell leukemia
REH
pre-Bcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
EU-7
Virtual
Tcell leukemia
CCRF-CEM
Tcell leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
EUE
fetal subcutis
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
EVLC2
transfected umbilicalveinendothelium
unknown
non-endothelial?
Unger etal. (2002)
F2-4E5
Virtual
thymus epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
F2-5B6
Virtual
thymus epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
F255A4
?
?
?
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
FL,FLA
amnion
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
FQ,RB,RY,SpR
Hodgkin'sdisease spleen
OMK-210
Three-stripednightmonkey kidney
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
G-11
breast carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
GHE
Virtual
astrocytoma
T-24
bladder carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
Girardiheart
heart
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976); Lacroix (2008)
GM1312
myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid
Drexler etal. (2003)
GM1500
myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid
Drexler etal. (2003)
GREF-X
Virtual
liver myofibroblast
unknown
Laboratoryrat cellline
MacLeod etal. (1999)
HAEND
liver angiosarcoma
unknown
non-endothelial?
Unger etal. (2002)
HAG
Virtual
adenomatoid goitre
T-24
bladder carcinoma
MacLeod etal. (1999)
HBC
infiltratingductalcarcinoma
unknown
Rat cellline
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
HBT3,HBT-E,HBT-39b
breast carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
HCE
cervical carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
HEK
embryonic kidney
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
HEK/HRV
transfected embryonic kidney
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer(1976)
HEL-R66
embryonic lung
unknown
Grivet cellline
Nelson-Rees etal. (1981)
HEp-2
larynx epidermoid carcinoma
HeLa
cervical adenocarcinoma
Chen(1988); Lacroix (2008)
HIMEG-1
Extant?
CML
HL-60
myeloblastic leukemia
Drexler etal. (2003)
HKB-1
Virtual
Hodgkin'sdisease
unknown
unknown
Drexler etal.