西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题.docx

1、西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题西安美术学院2014年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Reading Comprehension Directions: There are seven passages in this part. Each is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. Choose the one out of the choices marked by A, B, C, and Dand mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with Passage 1Research

2、ers disagree whether the “use it or lose it” philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is one evidence that keeping mentally active can slow agerelated declinesAt Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5,000 people, some since 1956People lu

3、cky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually

4、 stimulating things like travelEducation helps, too, researchers say because in instills the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual vigorF

5、lexibility counts too. People who stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before” Schaie says. In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of mental function. And people satisfied

6、 with life also stay more mentally fit, he saysIf you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 years, 40 percent regained lost ab

7、ilities. That advantage held up seven years late when they were retested. Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone visual-spatial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wits at home with players on TV game sho

8、wsFinally, remember this. Even though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom continues throughout the 40s, 50s and even 60sQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the passage61In the passage, the author mainly discuss_Athe role mental s

9、timulation in preventing mental aging Bgradual loss of mental skills with normal aging Cthe relationship between mental function and spatial skills Deffective ways to keep intellectual vigor 62The word “it” in the saying “use it or lose it” (paragraph 1) refer to_Abrain power Bcognitive development

10、Cmental stimulating Dintellectual function 63According to the researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging?AEducation. BChronic illnessCStandard of living. DAll of the above64From this passage we may safely infer that_might help prevent mental declinesAphysical exercises Bsoci

11、al interconnections Crigid daily routines Da healthy diet 65According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about wisdom EXCEPT that _Awisdom may be thought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experience Bwisdom may still grow even when the

12、process of mental aging started Cwisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and spatial skills Dwisdom makes up an important part of brain power Passage 2Generation gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plagued the ancient Greeks and curr

13、ent works alikeMany an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the Internet, listens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate-all while working on a project due in an hourSometimes, of course, he isnt corking, and thats a whole different issue. But sometimes he

14、 is getting lots of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a case of “Would you please shut up” vs. “Lighten up. Get a life.”Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Gameware, was on point in Across the B

15、oard, a publication of the conference board. The business research organization titled Prenskys article “Twitch Speed”, a reference to the fast pace of video game playToday under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technologyrich, twitch speed environment. Prensky says they simultaneously did

16、 homework, watched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and process informationBaby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to want room doors close, TV off. One thing

17、 happening at a time. Quiet, please!When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits comfort with speed and “multitasking” against comfort with deliberation and focused concentrationSound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, its time to talkBoth work styles can be product

18、ive, but both sides need to make accommodations so the others productivity isnt impairedQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the passage66This passage is mainly talking about_Ageneration gaps Bwork styles of different age groups Clack of mutual understanding between the old and the young Dimperfect commu

19、nication between old and young workers 67From the context we may figure out that the word “plagued” (paragraph 1) means_Aannoyed Binfected Cdamaged Daffected 68According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?AOlder workers often feel annoyed about their young colleagues attitudes toward

20、s workBYounger workers always do a good job of their work though they prefer to listen to music or chat with others while workingCThe different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argumentDOlder workers are used to working in a comfortable and quiet environment so that they can fully co

21、ncentrate on what they are doing69The author agrees with Marc Prensky on the point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking” style because_Athey are smart and energetic Bthey have the special ability to perform several tasks at the same time Cbrought up in a special cultural background, they have

22、 developed a behavioral pattern different form that of their older colleagues Dthey have been trained to receive and process information in a special way 70The author maintains that both sides should_if the two pattern work styles clash headlongAbe patient Brealize that both work styles are producti

23、ve Cmake efforts to avoid doing damage to the others productivity Dmake compromise to bridge the gulf between them Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories

24、 as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed test, so much the betterA charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the

25、child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on th

26、e whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once.

27、 familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and masteredThere are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints. Witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist; and that, i

28、nstead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales. The child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the word should be full of ma

29、dmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kissed in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriendNo fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external work and a sane child had ever believed that it wasQuestions 71 to 75 are based

30、 on the passage71The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is_Arepeated without variation Btreated with reverence Cadapted by the parent Dset in the present 72Some people dislike fairy stories they feel that they_Atempt people to be cruel to children Bshow the primitive cruel

31、ty in children Clend themselves to undesirable experiments with children Dincrease a tendency by which childrens impulses may be 73Fairy stories are a means by which childrens impulses may be Abeneficially channeled Bgiven a destructive tendency Cheld back until maturity Deffectively suppressed 74The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it_Amakes them come to terms with their fears Bdevelops their power of memory Cconvinces them there is noth