西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题.docx

西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题.docx

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西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题

西安美术学院2014年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartReadingComprehension

　　Directions:

Therearesevenpassagesinthispart.Eachisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ChoosetheoneoutofthechoicesmarkedbyA,B,C,andD．andmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetwith●．

Passage1

　　Researchersdisagreewhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage—relateddeclines．

　　AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956．Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel．

　　Educationhelps,too,researcherssaybecauseininstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor．

　　Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays．

　　Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

　　Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows．

　　Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:

wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s．

　　Questions61to65arebasedonthepassage．

　　61．Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscuss______．

　　A．therolementalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

　　B．graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

　　C．therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

　　D．effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

　　62．Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”（paragraph1）referto______．

　　A．brainpowerB．cognitivedevelopment

　　C．mentalstimulatingD．intellectualfunction

　　63．Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

　　A．Education.B．Chronicillness．

　　C．Standardofliving.D．Alloftheabove．

　　64．Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat______mighthelppreventmentaldeclines．

　　A．physicalexercisesB．socialinterconnections

　　C．rigiddailyroutinesD．ahealthydiet

　　65．Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat______．

　　A．wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

　　B．wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted

　　C．wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

　　D．wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

Passage2

　　Generationgapsarenothingnew.ImperfectcommunicationbetweenagegroupsplaguedtheancientGreeksandcurrentworksalike．

　　Manyanolderworkerchafesatanunder-30colleaguewhosurfstheInternet,listenstohisSonyWalkmanandchatsonthephoneorwithhisdeskmate-allwhileworkingonaprojectdueinanhour．

　　Sometimes,ofcourse,heisn'tcorking,andthat'sawholedifferentissue.Butsometimesheisgettinglotsofgreatstuffdone.Inthemeantime,thedifferentworkstylescreateacaseof“Wouldyoupleaseshutup”vs.“Lightenup.Getalife.”

　　MarcPrensky,vicepresidentofBankersTrustandfounderofitsinteractivelearningsubsidiary,CorporateGameware,wasonpointinAcrosstheBoard,apublicationoftheconferenceboard.ThebusinessresearchorganizationtitledPrensky'sarticle“TwitchSpeed”,areferencetothefastpaceofvideogameplay．

　　Todayunder-30workerslikelygrewupinamultimedia,technology—rich,twitchspeedenvironment.Prenskysaystheysimultaneouslydidhomework,watchedTVandlistenedtomusic;thisexposurechangedthewaystheyreceiveandprocessinformation．

　　BabyboomersandolderworkersmayormaynothavedonehomeworkbyTV,butmuchelsehaschanged.Sociologistssaytheover-30saremorelikelytowantroomdoorsclose,TVoff.Onethinghappeningatatime.Quiet,please!

　　Whenthetwoheritagesclashintheworkplace,itpitscomfortwithspeedand“multitasking”againstcomfortwithdeliberationandfocusedconcentration．

　　Soundfamiliar?

Ifthegaphasbecomeachasminyourworkplace,it'stimetotalk．Bothworkstylescanbeproductive,butbothsidesneedtomakeaccommodationssotheother'sproductivityisn'timpaired．

　　Questions66to70arebasedonthepassage．

　　66．Thispassageismainlytalkingabout______．

　　A．generationgaps

　　B．workstylesofdifferentagegroups

　　C．lackofmutualunderstandingbetweentheoldandtheyoung

　　D．imperfectcommunicationbetweenoldandyoungworkers

　　67．Fromthecontextwemayfigureoutthattheword“plagued”（paragraph1）means______．

　　A．annoyedB．infectedC．damagedD．affected

　　68．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

　　A．Olderworkersoftenfeelannoyedabouttheiryoungcolleagues'attitudestowardswork．

　　B．Youngerworkersalwaysdoagoodjoboftheirworkthoughtheyprefertolistentomusicorchatwithotherswhileworking．

　　C．Thedifferentworkstylesmaysometimesleadtoanunnecessaryargument．

　　D．Olderworkersareusedtoworkinginacomfortableandquietenvironmentsothattheycanfullyconcentrateonwhattheyaredoing．

　　69．TheauthoragreeswithMarcPrenskyonthepointthatyoungerworkersprefera“multitasking”stylebecause______．

　　A．theyaresmartandenergetic

　　B．theyhavethespecialabilitytoperformseveraltasksatthesametime

　　C．broughtupinaspecialculturalbackground,theyhavedevelopedabehavioralpatterndifferentformthatoftheiroldercolleagues

　　D．theyhavebeentrainedtoreceiveandprocessinformationinaspecialway

　　70．Theauthormaintainsthatbothsidesshould______ifthetwopatternworkstylesclashheadlong．

　　A．bepatient

　　B．realizethatbothworkstylesareproductive

　　C．makeeffortstoavoiddoingdamagetotheother'sproductivity

　　D．makecompromisetobridgethegulfbetweenthem

Passage3

　　Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,andifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtest,somuchthebetter．

　　Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereareIthink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintootherpleasureofthefearfacedandmastered．

　　Therearealsopeoplewhoobjectfairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatfaints.Witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales.Thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,thewordshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissedinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirlfriend．

　　Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworkandasanechildhadeverbelievedthatitwas．

　　Questions71to75arebasedonthepassage．

　　71．Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis______．

　　A．repeatedwithoutvariation

　　B．treatedwithreverence

　　C．adaptedbytheparent

　　D．setinthepresent

　　72．Somepeopledislikefairystoriestheyfeelthatthey______．

　　A．temptpeopletobecrueltochildren

　　B．showtheprimitivecrueltyinchildren

　　C．lendthemselvestoundesirableexperimentswithchildren

　　D．increaseatendencybywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe

　　73．Fairystoriesareameansbywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe

　　A．beneficiallychanneled

　　B．givenadestructivetendency

　　C．heldbackuntilmaturity

　　D．effectivelysuppressed

　　74．Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit______．

　　A．makesthemcometotermswiththeirfears

　　B．developstheirpowerofmemory

　　C．convincesthemthereisnoth