初中九年级英语动词不定式和宾语从句语法详解.docx

1、初中九年级英语动词不定式和宾语从句语法详解动词不定式动词不定式无人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，其构成为“to+动词原形，否认式为“not to+动词原形。当我们要表达“想要做某事want to do sth、需要做某事need to do sth或决定做某事decide to do sth时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况。一动词不定式在句子中作主语。 作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。To learn a foreign language is useful.这里的to learn a foreign language是动词不定式，在句子中作主语。为了防止主语太长，谓语太短，一般会

2、用it作形式主语，后面以不定式作实际主语，即It+形容词/名词+to do sth。如上句可改写为： It is useful to learn a foreign language.例：It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. = To speak a foreign language well is difficult.It is necessary to remember enough words. = To remember enough words is necessary. 2. 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不

3、定式构造作主语常置于句末。复合不定式构造：有时为了指明不定式动作的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，常用介词for或of引导出逻辑主语，其一般形式为：it is + 形容词 + for / of +名词或物主代词 + to do.如：How to make requests politely is important. 如何有礼貌地提出恳求很重要。Where to go is not decided yet. 要去哪里还没做出决定。 Its good for you to walk after supper. 晚饭后漫步对你是有益的。Its very kind of you to help me. 你

4、能帮助我真是太好了。二. 动词不定式在句子中作宾语。及物动词后带to的不定式，说明意图、希望或决定的内容等。我们常见的动宾构造是“动词+ to do sth.。通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend，plan (打算，方案)；demand，ask (要求)；promise (容许)；help (帮助)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)； refuse (回绝)；dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want，expect (希望，想要)；fail ；不能；忘记；pretend (假装)；manage (

5、设法)；determine 决心。如：He agreed to help us. 他同意帮助我们。My parents offered to take us around the teahouse. 我的父母主动提出带我们去参观茶馆。We all hope to see the great musician. 我们都希望见到那位伟大的音乐家。2. 特殊疑问词与不定式常连用作宾语，在功能上相当于一个宾语从句。这些词为：know, decide, ask, forget, get, remember, like, learn, think, tell, want, wish, advise, sh

6、ow等。如：I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。I havent decided how to go there.我还没决定怎样去那里。The map can show you where to go.这张地图可以告诉你往哪走。feel, believe, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语(动词不定式)放在句末。句子构造是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如：I dont think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去

7、做是不恰当的。I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：口诀：四记力争不懊悔。四“记指“记得、记住remember；“忘记forget“方案、打算mean；“继续go on)；力争指“try；“不“懊悔指stop与regret。如：Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?已见过You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。还未分开I forgot closin

8、g the door yesterday. 我忘记我昨天把门关了。关了门，但是忘了I forgot to do my homework last night. 我昨天晚上忘记做作业了。实际上没有做 三动词不定式作表语动词不定式放在系动词后作表语，常说明主语的身份，职业，性质，内容或特征，常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示将来的可能和假设。如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是当一名医生。It seems to be an interesting boo

9、k它看起来是本有趣的书。四. 动词不定式作定语1. 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例如：Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？修饰the first onePandas have less and less land to live on. 大熊猫可生存的面积越来越小。修饰landThe best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。句尾不定式作表语2. 动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，假如不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后

10、应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：She has no paper to write on. 她没有纸写字。 I have no chair to sit on. 我没有椅子坐。We have no houses to live in. 我们没有房子住。五、动词不定式用作状语原因状语，某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词后跟不定式，表示原因，如：Im glad to see you. 见到你我很快乐。They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house . 发现屋子里空无一人，他们很奇怪。目的状语，常用于强调动词的目的，如：to do ，i

11、n order to, so as to, so(such)as to (如此以便) 例句：She came to see me yesterday . 她昨天来看我了。She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早，图的就是弄个好座位。He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。置于句首置于句末引导结果状语从句to doin order to doso as to doThey started early so as to get there in time.(正)So

12、 as to get there in time, they started early.(误)结果状语，通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，tooto，enough to和only to等构造。如：The boy is too youny to go to school. 这个男孩太小而不能上学。Would you be so kind as to do me a favor? 请你帮我一下好吗？The boy is old enough to take care of himself. 这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。I hurried to his ho

13、use, only to find him out. 我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。表事先没有意料到的，不定式要放在句子后面。六. 不定式作宾语补足语1.动词后跟一个宾语 + to do构成句子，否认形式为“动词+宾语+not to do。例如：I didnt expect you to arrive here so soon. 我没有料到你会来得这么快。Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 请提醒我开会不要迟到。2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, listen t

14、o, look at及使役动词make, have, let等后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但这类动词用于被动构造have不用于被动构造时，那么不定式要带to。例如：He saw her enter the room.我看见她进了房间。I heard her lock the door. 我听见她锁上了门。A child was seen to enter the building. 有人看见一个孩子进入大楼。She was often heard to sing this song. 经常听到她唱这首歌。动词不定式专题练习1. This company was the first

15、 _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the

16、 music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, onl

17、y _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldier

18、s had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local news

19、paper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be

20、 a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not t

21、o haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _. A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to

22、 be solving18. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made19. I remember _him _the bike needed _.A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to b

23、e repaired20. - You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so21. Robert is said to _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been s

24、tudying22. Im gong to Xian next week. Have you anything _ to your parents?A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy23. when are they _ in their plan? A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survived B. are to sur

25、vive C. would survived D. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time.A. to have B. to be C. having D. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make27. At _ time does the salesgi

26、rl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest. A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking28. -Are you a student?-No, but I used _. A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room. A. to enjo

27、y, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled31. Were leaving at six oclock, and hope _ most of the journey

28、by lunch time. A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand33. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing34. It is s

29、aid in Australia there is more land than the government know _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it35. We are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because

30、the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to b