职称外语考试卫生类A级.docx

1、职称外语考试卫生类A级第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Why cant you stop your eternal complaining？Aeverlasting B longCtemporary D boring2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.Ashaken B damagedCfallen D jumped3These paintings are considered by many to be authen

2、tic.Afaithful B royalC genuine D sincere4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.Aattraction B simplicityCpower D rigor5Ten years after the event， her death still remains a puzzle.Amist B fogCmystery D secret6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation.Aannoyed

3、 B troubledCthreatened D aroused7Academic records cannot be duplicated.Aborrowed B purchasedCrewritten D copied8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research.Afastened B encouragedCraised D initiated9We have ample money for the journey.Asome B littleCextra D enough10 Th

4、e doctors pills worked marvels for me.Apatients B miraclesCillness D recovery11 Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.Amonotonous B endlessCserious D bitter12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.Aold B unforgettableCfunny D unfair13 You didnt adhere to these principle

5、s.Afollow B orderCprove D handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.Aempty B hairlessCbare D smooth15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.Aexpressions B warningsC instructions D advertisements第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出

6、了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated， say Italian researchers， who warn that this

7、growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.The researchers looked at 25 randomized， controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 199

8、7 and 2007， we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials - more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years，” study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007， the researchers found that 11 （

9、79 percent） of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.“This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact， this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market fo

10、r companies. On the other hand， a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an immature benefit/risk balance of new drugs，” Apolone said.He and his colleagues “are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patien

11、ts. However， findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent， Apolone noted， but the average duration （持续时

12、间） of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months， with a range from 12 to 64 months.They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped， theyd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early f

13、or superior benefit whenever theres proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation，” Stuart Pocock， a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom， said at the news conference

14、. “However， too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy （功效） without strong evidence being available.”16The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recentlyA Right BWrong C Not mentioned17The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no valueA Right

15、 BWrong C Not mentioned18The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participantsA Right BWrong C Not mentioned19Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned20Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped earlyA Right BWron

16、g C Not mentioned21Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effectsA Right BWrong C Not mentioned22Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop earlyA Right BWrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题；（

17、2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Cancer1Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells， the bodys basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes， this order

18、ly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them， and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign （良性的） tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and， in most cases， they do not come back Malignant （恶性的） t

19、umors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes tha

20、t allow the growth of cancer. Many genechanges that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use， diet， exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun， or exposure to carcinogens （致癌物） in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3Cancer treatment can include surgery，

21、radiation therapy， chemotherapy （化疗）， hormone therapy， and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods， depending on the type and location of the cancer， whether the disease has spread， the patients age and general health， and other factors. Because treatment for ca

22、ncer can also damage healthy cells and tissues， it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options， weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient h

23、as pain may depend on the type of cancer， the extent of the disease， and the patients tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones， organs， or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However， pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescrip

24、tion medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.23Paragraph 1 。24Paragraph 2 。25Paragraph 3 。26Paragraph 4 。ADoes cancer always cause pain？BCan cancer be prevented？CWhat is cancer？DHow common is cancer？EWhat causes cancer？FHow is cancer treated？27Cancer occurs when cells m the bod

25、y divide without28Gene alterations may be caused by29Treatment for cancer may also bring about some30Cancer patients may differ in theirA prescription medicinesB control or orderC tolerance for painD various factorsE normal genesF different genes side effects第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有

26、5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes， says the lat

27、est report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax （劝诱） young people from their homes， the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation （解放）” program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious （不稳定的）

28、labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem， say sociologists （社会学家）。 Family ties in south Europe - Italy， Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe， said Spanish soc

29、iologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth： Key for Understanding”。“In general， young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized” said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside， it is n

30、ot uncommon to find entire groups of aunts， uncles， cousins， nieces and nephews （外甥/侄子） all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist，” said Jose A