职称外语考试卫生类A级.docx
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职称外语考试卫生类A级
第1部分：
词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？
A everlasting B long
C temporary D boring
2 Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.
A shaken B damaged
C fallen D jumped
3 Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
A faithful B royal
C genuine D sincere
4 Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A attraction B simplicity
C power D rigor
5 Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.
A mist B fog
C mystery D secret
6 Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.
A annoyed B troubled
C threatened D aroused
7 Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.
A borrowed B purchased
C rewritten D copied
8 Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.
A fastened B encouraged
C raised D initiated
9 Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.
A some B little
C extra D enough
10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.
A patients B miracles
C illness D recovery
11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.
A monotonous B endless
C serious D bitter
12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.
A old B unforgettable
C funny D unfair
13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.
A follow B order
C prove D handle
14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.
A empty B hairless
C bare D smooth
15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.
A expressions B warnings
C instructions D advertisements
第2部分：
阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly
Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluated，sayItalianresearchers，whowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.
Theresearcherslookedat25randomized，controlledclinicaltrialsthatwerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients.
“Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiodbetween1997and2007，wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials-morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears，”studyco-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.
Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007，theresearchersfoundthat11（79percent）ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplicationssubmittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.
“Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.Infact，thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhand，aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan'immature'benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs，”Apolonesaid.
Heandhiscolleagues“areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsforpatients.However，findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation.”
Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent，Apolonenoted，buttheaverageduration（持续时间）ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months，witharangefrom12to64months.
Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped，they'denrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinalanalysis.
“Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere'sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperior.Thatwouldbeanethicalobligation，”StuartPocock，aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom，saidatthenewsconference.“However，toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy（功效）withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable.”
16 Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17 Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18 The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19 Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20 Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21 Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22 StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分：
概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；
（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Cancer
1 Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells，thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes，thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem，andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（~良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand，inmostcases，theydonotcomebackMalignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.
2 Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygene
changesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse，diet，exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun，orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.
3 Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery，radiationtherapy，chemotherapy（化疗），hormonetherapy，andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods，dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer，whetherthediseasehasspread，thepatient'sageandgeneralhealth，andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues，itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions，weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.
4 Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer，theextentofthedisease，andthepatient'stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones，organs，ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However，paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.
23 Paragraph1 。
24 Paragraph2 。
25 Paragraph3 。
26 Paragraph4 。
A Doescanceralwayscausepain？
B Cancancerbeprevented？
C Whatiscancer？
D Howcommoniscancer？
E Whatcausescancer？
F Howiscancertreated？
27 Canceroccurswhencellsmthebodydividewithout
28 Genealterationsmaybecausedby
29 Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome
30 Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir
A prescriptionmedicines
B controlororder
C toleranceforpain
D variousfactors
E normalgenes
F differentgenessideeffects
第4部分：
阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
YouthEmancipationinSpain
TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.
Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes，saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.
Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes，theInstitutestarteda“YouthEmancipation（解放）”programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.
Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.
Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem，saysociologists（社会学家）。
FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy，PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope，saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth：
KeyforUnderstanding”。
“Ingeneral，youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized”saidMinguez.
InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside，itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts，uncles，cousins，niecesandnephews（外甥/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.
Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.
“Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist，”saidJoseA
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