同等学力英语特殊句型结构.docx

1、同等学力英语特殊句型结构同等学力英语试题词汇、阅读理解、完形填空，翻译，写作中常考的29组英语特殊句型结构的含义及其翻译方法英语中的许多固定句型对于考生而言似曾相识，但又了解不很透彻，从而在实际翻译过程中，若按照汉语的句法结构，或按英语的原句顺序来理解，就会酿成大错。因此，熟练掌握这些固定句型对考生而言势在必行。重点讲解“四绝”句型-绝对常见的、绝不可忽视的、绝对要牢记的、绝不可混淆的句型结构的含义及译法。1”no more.than”这种句型的使用是为加强“than”前面的否定含义而用的。在“than”一词后面的句子中，从表面上看虽是肯定的形式，但其含义属于否定。此点在翻译时应特别注意，以免

2、译错。 句中的“no more”可以“not any more”来替代，或等于“notjust as.as.not”。另外，“no more than”不可与“not more than”相混同，因“not more than”的含义为“at most”。（1）You can no more swim than I can fly. = You can not swim just as I can not fly. （2）He has no more money than I have. = He doesnt have much money just as I dont have much

3、money. （3）A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.= A whale is not a fish just as a horse is not a fish. Predicative:1. noun2. adj.3. prepositional phrase4. gerund5. infinitive6. noun clauseWhat I heard on the radioThis is what I heard on the radio.（4）He is no more a god than we are. The Kitchen g

4、odThe Goddess TempleConfuciusMengciusLaociusZhuangcius(5) It is not easy to spend money any more than it is to earn money.No +nounNo wordsNo + gerundNo smoking/no parkingNot +adj.Not +to do(6) A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.A people =a nation of peopleThe C

5、hinese and American people are two great peoples.Country: population/territoryNation: nationality (ethnicity)/a peopleA nationwide war against Japanese invasionState: political system/administrative systemThe State Education MinistryThe State CouncilCountrywide examNationwide(7) The greatness of a p

6、eople is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height. (8) You dont need to know the technical details of your computer any more than you need to understand the technology behind your microwave oven.(9) We have no more right to consume happiness without

7、producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.1”no more.than”（1）你不会游泳就像我不会飞行一样。（2）他没有很多的钱，就如同我没有很多钱一样。或： 他和我拥有的钱一样多。（3）鲸鱼不属鱼类，就像马不属鱼类一样。或：鲸鱼和马均不属鱼类。（4）他和我们一样都不是神仙。(5) 赚钱与花钱同样不容易。(6) 正如没有灵魂的躯体不能称其为人一样，没有爱情的家也不能称其为家。(7) 一个民族的伟大不取决于其人口的多少,正如一个人的伟大不取决于其身高一样.(8) 你不需要了解计算机的细节,就如同你不必理解微波炉的工作原理一样

8、.(9) 不去创造幸福就无权享受幸福，不去创造财富也就无权享受财富。二者是一个道理。2“no more than”= “only”仅仅；只不过，例如：(1) He has no more than $10. (2) He is no more than a child.2“no more than” (1) 他只有十美元。 (2) 他只不过是个孩子。3.“not morethan”= “not so .as”不如那样I am not more crazy about Internet chatting than you are. 3.“not morethan” 我不像你对网上聊天那样痴迷。I

9、 am not crazy about online chatting.4. “no less .than”= “just as .as.”像一样；或：不逊色于（不弱于）（1） Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition of body. （2） It is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the friendly relations with other countries. （3） The technique of writing is

10、no less difficult than that of the other arts and yet, because one can read and write, there is a notion that anyone can write well enough to write a book.Nevertheless/nonetheless/but/however/yet and/besides/in addition/furthermore/whats moreone of the advantages of online chatting is to relax onese

11、lf.Besides, another advantage isIn addition, one more advantage isHowever, there are always two sides to everything.Every coin has two sides. ClicheDynamic languageStatic language（4） She is no less beautiful than her sister. (5) Italian is no less a mother tongue for her than English. (6) Our soldie

12、rs fought with no less daring than skill.(7) Language is concrete, no less so than speaking.(8) In war no less than peace, food is an important influence. No entry on peace time.Continuous assessmentsNo entry unless in case of an emergency.No entrance for children under 1.4 meters without the guidan

13、ce of their parents.4. “no less .than” (1) 阳光与新鲜空气同样是身体健康所必需的。(2) 保持与他国的友好关系是我们的义务，同样是我们的利益所在。(3) 写作的技巧和其他艺术的技巧同样难以掌握，不过，因为任何一个人都有读写能力，于是，人们就产生这样一个意念任何人都能足以写出一本书来。(4) 她的美貌绝不逊色于她的妹妹。(5) 意大利语如同英语一样也是她的母语。(6) 我们的战士打起仗来既英勇又懂得战术。(7) 语言如同言语一样，也是非常具体化的。(8) 在战争年代如同和平时期一样，粮食具有同等重要的影响。5. “no less than”= at le

14、ast 至少He has no less than 100 yuan in his pocket. 5. “no less than”他的口袋里至少有一百元钱。It would be better for me to have a lot of money.If only I had a lot of money!6“not so much as.”= “,rather than” 与其说不如说(1) Success in life does not depend so much on ones school records as on ones honesty and diligence.

15、(2) The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.（3） I wasnt bothered by his loud playing of the trumpet so much as by his lack of music talent.I want bothered so much by his loud playing of the trumpet as by his lack of music talent.Trou

16、ble/botherMay I trouble/bother you with a question?Thank you for the trouble.No trouble at all.Im sorry to step on you.It doesnt matter.It is nothing.Not at all.My pleasure.Youre welcome.Sure. A sure thing.6 “not so much as.”(1) 与其说事业的成功是靠在校的学习成绩，不如说是靠为人诚实和勤奋努力。(2) 学校教育的最大益处不在于教会你一些知识，而在于教会你治学之道。 （3

17、）与其说我为他大声吹奏小号而烦恼，不如说是对他缺乏音乐才华而烦恼。7“not so much as”= “without / not even” 甚至都没有(1) She is a film star, but she cannot so much as write her own name. （2）The window is so narrow that one can not so much as get ones head in. 7“not so much as”(1) 她是一位电影名星，然而她甚至连自己的姓名都不会写。(2) 这个窗户窄得连头都伸不进去。8.“cannottoo”=“

18、 no matter how much you do, you will never overdo it”或：“the more,the better.”无论怎样.也不为过；或：越越好（1） You cannot be too careful. （2） The problem cannot be over-emphasized.（3） The importance of English learning cannot be over-stressed. （4） A man who has received a kindness cannot be too grateful for it.（5）

19、 A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it cannot last too long; if it be bad, you cannot depart with it too early. Compared with this one, that one has more advantages.That one has more advantages than this one.We must solve the problem of environmental pollution.We must find a sol

20、ution to the problem of environmental pollution.ProblemQuestionIssueThe leaders of the two countries exchanged views over the issues of common concern.The problem of the ditch oil8.“cannottoo”(1) 你要加倍小心。（再小心也不为过）(2) 这个问题怎么强调也不算过分。(3) 英语的的重要性无论怎样强调也是应该的。(4) 得到别人恩惠的人无论怎样表示谢意也不为过。(5) 一本书可被比作一为邻居：如果是好的，

21、你与他的关系持续得越长越好；如果是坏，分手越快越好。9“否定助动词 + because”“because”与否定助动词连用时，经常会出现两种不同的情况：（1）I didnt go there because I was afraid. = I didnt go there, the reason was that I was afraid. = I went there, the reason was that I wasnt afraid.（2）He didnt marry her because he loved her. (3) I dont teach because teaching

22、 is easy for me.9“否定助动词 + because”（1）我因害怕而没去。 我并不是因害怕才去的那儿。（而是因为别的什么原因）（2）（A）他并非因爱她才与她结婚。(B)他因爱她才不和她结婚. （3）我之所以教书并非因教书轻松。10. “What with.and what with.”= “partly becausepartly because”一半是由于一半是由于(1) What with the weather and what with his failure in the exam, he became a little hysterical. (2) What wi

23、th teaching and what with writing, my time is wholly taken up. 10. “What with.and what with.”(1) 一是因天气不好，二是因他考试未通过，他变得有些歇斯底里。(2) 一是 因忙于教课，二是因忙于写作。我的全部时间都被占去了。11. “what by and what by”“by”表示“手段；方法”（1） What by brides and what by blackmail, he made money （2） What by policy and what by persuasion, the p

24、olice finally made the criminal confess what he had done.11. “what by and what by”(1) 一是由于受贿，二是由于诈骗，他发了财。(2) 一是用政策，二是用说服教育的手段，警方终于使罪犯坦白了他所做的一切。12. “much more”；更 “much less”更不（1）He likes a child, much more a baby. （2）He does not like a girl, much less a girl who is in the habit of crying. (3) I do no

25、t suggest that he is negligent, much less that he is dishonest.12. “much more”；更 “much less”更不 （1）他喜欢孩子，更喜欢婴儿。 （2）他不喜欢女孩，更不喜欢爱哭的女孩。 (3) 我没有暗示他玩忽职守，更没有暗示他不诚实。13. “否定 +but”在否定词后面，所有的“but”都具有“which not”、“who not”、“that not”构成“双重否定可译为“没有不是”(1) There is no one but hopes to be rich. (2) There is no one bu

26、t knows that. (3) No man is so old but he may learn. (4) He is not so sick but he can come to school. (5) His income is not so small but he can support his family. (6) The streets were not so crowded but our car could go through. (7) It was not such a cold night but we could go out. 13. “否定 +but”在否定

27、词后面，所有的“but”都具有“which not”、“who not”、“that not”构成“双重否定可译为“没有不是”(1) 没有人不想发财。(2) 那件事无人不知。(3) 没有人会老到不能学习的地步。(4) 他并没有病到不能来上学。(5) 他的收入无论怎么少也能维持他一家人的生活。(6) 街上并不是拥挤得不能通车。(7) 那天夜里并不是冷得无法出门。14“not that .but that”其中“that”=“because”（1）Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. （2）Not that I disl

28、ike the work, but that I have no time to do it for the time being. （3）Not that I dont like the dishes, but that I am just full and cannot eat anything more. （4）Not that I dont want to help you, but that it is beyond my power to do so. （5）Not that I know much, but that you know little. 14“not that .b

29、ut that”(1) 我并非对凯撒爱得不深，而是我更爱罗马。(2) 我并不是不喜欢这项工作，而是我目前没有时间去做。(3) 并非我不喜欢这些饭菜，而是我已经吃饱了，不想再多吃了。(4) 我并非不想帮助你，而是这超出了我的能力所及。(5) 不是因为我懂得多，而是你懂得太少了。15”What +名词” “what little +名词”What +名词”= all the .that; “what little +名词”= 虽少但所有的；所仅有的(1) I gave him what money I had in my pocket. (2) I will lend you what books

30、 I have in my possession. (3) I gave him what little water I had in my thermos. (4) I donated what few coats I had to the people in the flood-stricken areas. 15”What +名词” “what little +名词”(1) 我把我口袋里所有的钱都给了他。 (2) 我会把我所仅有的书借给你。(3) 我把我水壶里仅有的水给了他。(4) 我将我仅有的几件外衣捐献给了洪水灾区的人们。16“A is to B what X is to Y”(1)

31、 The man who cannot be trusted is to the society what a piece of rotten wood is to a house. (2) Air is to us what water is to fish.(3) Railway is to transportation what blood is to a mans body. (4) Reading is to mind what food is to the body.(5) An individual is to a country what a screw is to a machine.16“A is to B what X is to Y”(1)不能信赖的人对于社会而言正如朽木对于房屋一样。(2)空气对于我们的重要犹如水对于鱼一样重要。(