专题08 动词2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版.docx

1、专题08 动词2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版备战2018中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题08 动词解读考点动词的定义动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。直击考点动词的分类：1 实义动词2 助动词3 系动词4 情态动词5 动词短语【名师点睛】1 实义动词实义动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分(及物动词是指后面要跟宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整。常用结构：(1)主语及物动词宾语。

2、如：She missed a lot of lessons.她耽误了很多课程。(2)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。如：He often makes his parents angry.他经常使他的父母生气。(3)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：He gave me an interesting book.他给了我一本有趣的书。2不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语。常用结构：主语不及物动词(状语)。如：LiHua works very hard.李华工作很努力。2 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词

3、有do,does,did及其否定形式。如：Did you go home last week?上周你回家了吗？ 2帮助构成时态的助动词有be,have,shall,will等。如：We are playing an interesting game.我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。 3 系动词系动词亦称连系动词。本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成“系表结构”。常用结构：主语系动词表语。具体分类及用法如下：1状态系动词。状态系动词一般指be动词。如：They are always very happy.他们总是很高兴。2持续系动词。持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有k

4、eep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：I hope youll keep fit.我希望你能保持健康。3表象系动词。表象系动词表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：My mother seems very satisfied with my progress.妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。4感官系动词。感官系动词表示“起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很柔软。5变化系动词。变化

5、系动词表示“主语变成什么样”，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等。 如：The small town is becoming busier and busier.小镇变得越来越繁忙。 6终止系动词。终止系动词主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：My plan turned out a success.我的计划成功了。连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He i

6、s a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay

7、(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。提醒有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如：He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。4 情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气、看法，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)及半情态动词have to,had better。

8、1can和could(1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客观条件许可做某事。could为can的过去式。表示请求时，could比can更委婉。如：专题8 动词分类及动词短语Could I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔吗？(2)can意为“能，会”时，相当于“be able to”(适用于各种时态)，can和could只能用于现在时和过去时。 如：A few months later,Ill be able to swim alone.几个月后，我将能单独游泳。(3)cant表示否定推测。如：That cant be Mr.Wang.He has g

9、one to Beijing.那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。2may和mightmay和might意为“可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。may也可表示祝愿。might是may的过去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如：May I take some photos here?我可以在这儿拍些照片吗？May you be happy.祝你开心。3must和have to4(1)must意为“必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。但mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”。如：He must be working in his office.

10、他一定正在办公室工作。You mustnt smoke here.你不准在这儿吸烟。(2)must和have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观意愿；have to表示客观需要。 如： I must do my home work first.我必须首先做家庭作业。It is raining hard outside.I have to stay at home.外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。 4need的用法5need表示“需要，必要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句，否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要，不必”；回答need引导的问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。此外，n

11、eed还可以作实义动词。 如：Need we do some cleaning now?No,you neednt.“我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“不，你们不必。”I need to see the doctor now.我现在需要看医生。5shall和willshall主要用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求；will主要用于第二、三人称，表示征求意见或提建议。如：Shall we go out for a walk after supper?我们晚饭后出去散散步好吗？Will you go shopping with us?你要不要和我们一起去购物呢？6should和would7should可用于各

12、种人称的句子，强调义务或责任；would是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。 如：You should study harder.你应该更加努力习。He said he would visit the Great Wall the next year.他说他明年将游览长城。 8Had better9had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式。如：You had better exercise more.你最好多锻炼。5 动词短语动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫作动词短语。动词短语主要有四类：1动词副词。常见的有give up,

13、think over,take off,write down,put off,put on,talk back,turn off,look up,pick up等。这些词组的宾语如果是名词时，既可放在副词前面，又可放在副词之后；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词时，则要放在动词和副词中间。如： The yhave decided to put off the meeting.They have decided to put the meeting off.他们已经决定推迟会议了。Smoking is bad for your health.You must give it up.吸烟有害健康，你必须

14、戒掉它。 2动词介词。常见的有ask for,care about,look for,look after,look at,listen to,pay for,send for,laugh at,hear of(from),get over等。如：We shouldnt laugh at others.我们不应该嘲笑别人。 3动词副词介词。常见的有look down up on,get on with,catch up with等。如：If you study hard,youll catch up with your classmates.如果你努力习，你将会赶上你的同班同。 4动词名词介词

15、。常见的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to,make fun of,take pride in,take part in等。如：Please pay more attention to details.2年中考2017年题组1.（2017安徽）It is necessary for schools to _ the need of all the students development. A. cut B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy2. （2016 黑龙江龙东地区中考）When the boy heard the w

16、ords, his face _ red.A. got B. turned C. changed3.（2017山东德州）While travelling in a strange place, youd better _ the local people and follow their customs（习俗）. A. watch B. change C. control D. teach4.（2017山东泰安）If you always _ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. I agree, we should beli

17、eve in ourselves. A. compare B. complain C. connect D. consider5.（2017苏州）Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you _ me? Im Daniel. A. remind B. receive C. respect D. remember6. （2017四川南充）Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus. Thats good. The old should be _. A. looked for

18、B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for7. （2017安徽）Our geography teacher told us to _ more information about our city and share it next week. A. find out B. keep away C. turn off D. use up8.（2017山东青岛）You can _ the word in the dictionary if you dont know it. A. give away B. cut off C. take after D.

19、 look up9.（2017湖北随州）The teacher asked the students to _ a story about a trip to the moon. A. give up B. turn up C. cut up D. make up10.（2017湖北宜昌）What do you think is important for the players on a team? Its to play together and _ the best in each other. A. bring out B. look up C. believe in D. blow

20、out11.（2017吉林）The teenagers often help _ water and food to those people in need. A. put out B. give out C. find out12.（2017江苏宿迁）Andrew once tried to _ a brighter light in his bedroom, but he failed in the end. A. put in B. put on C. put out D. put up13.（2017陕西）When going upstairs or downstairs, we n

21、eed to walk on the right, leaving the left space for the people who _ . A. hurry up B. look around C. run away14.（2017云南昆明）As we _ on our new journey, we shouldnt forget where we came from. A. take out B. set out C. cut out D. blow out 2016年题组1. （2016 重庆市万盛经济技术开发区2017届九年级期末）We should _ the light whe

22、n we leave the room. Yes. We must learn how to save electricity. A. turn up B. turn on C. turn off D. turn down2. （2016山东泰安2017年中考模拟）Many people in this area are used _ going to bed late, but I dont. I pay more attention _ my health. A. to; on B. for; on C. to; to D. for; to3. （2016山东省临沭县青云镇中心中2016-

23、2017年期末）The old songs always _ me of my childhood. I have the same feelings. A. explain B. remember C. remind D. hurry4. （2016湖北省武汉市2017届中考模拟押题卷3）Your clothes seem to get all wet. Yes. My umbrella was broken and it didnt _ away from the rain. A. protect B. provide C. keep D. produce5. （2016锡市南菁高级中实验

24、校2017届九年级期中）According to the rule, children should _ a nearby school to receive education in Nanjing. A. enter B. afford C. support D. present6. （2016市2017年中考模拟）Lets do something for our parents. Good idea. We should _ our parents love for us. A. create B. promise C. value D. allow考点归纳动副短语中的动词有的是及物动

25、词，因此，后接宾语时不需要加介词，加上副词后，该副词可以进一步说明动作的结果，从而，使得句意表达得更加准确。这些动副短语必须接宾语，但对其位置有一定的限制，如果宾语是名词，既可以放在短语的中间，又可以放在短语的后面；如果宾语是代词，就只能放在两词的中间了。Youd better pick the students up before 7:00. 你最好在7点前把这些生接上车。Can you pick me up at 7:00? 你能在7点时接我吗？人称代词me做宾语要放在pick和up的中间。如果动副短语中的动词是不及物动词时，则该短语不可以加宾语。例如，May I come in? 我可以

26、进来吗？come是不及物动词，所以，come in后无宾语。初中生应掌握的动副短语主要有：bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒 clean up清扫，收拾干净climb down/up 爬下/上 come back/go back 回来/回去 come round（走）过来 come out （花）开，出来 come over顺便来访 eat up 吃光fall asleep 睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back退还 get back 取回 go out 外出grow up 长大 hurry up赶紧 knock down 击倒look

27、out 小心 look around 环顾，到处看 look up 查找 open up 开设，开放，开业 pass on 往前传递 put sth. down把放下来put away 收拾好 put on穿上 put up 举起run away 逃跑，逃走 slow down 减缓，减速 set off出发，动身turn on/off 打开/关上 turn up/down 调大/调小 take out取出 think over 考虑 take off 脱下，把拿掉 take away 拿走work out算出 write down 记下 wash away 冲走 wake up唤醒 易错易混

28、（2016 贵州铜仁）How long can I _ this book? Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept做这道题的关键是掌握住borrow，lend和keep的用法区别：【易混辨析】 lend借出非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人，常用结构：lend sb sth或lend sth to sb borrow借入非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西，常用结构：borrow sth from sb keep借(多久)延续性动词，表示借某物多长时间，与表示一段时间的时间状语连

29、用【图解助记】 2see, look, watch, read see 看见，表结果； look看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才可能跟宾语。 watch 看（比赛，电视）；read 看书，报，表示阅读 e.g. I can see an apple on the table. Look, there is a kite flying in the sky. Watching TV too much is bad for your health. Dont read books in the sun. 3bring, take, carry bring意为拿来，带来，表示拿到靠说话人近的地方； take意为拿走，带走，表示拿到远离说话人远的地方； carry 意为扛，搬，用力移动，没有方向性， e.g. Please take the books to the classroom. Rememb