医学英语主要前缀.docx

1、医学英语主要前缀医学英语主要前缀1人体主要器官前缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例心 heart cardiao- cardial /carditis/cardiology脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontor/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastric gast

2、ritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆 gallbladder chole- biliary cholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾 kidney nephro- r

3、enal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/ 静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌 muscle myo- myco

4、logy/myositis/myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3与数字有关的前缀数字 前缀 示例一（单） mono-/uni- m

5、onomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七 hepta

6、- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色 通用名 前缀 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chrom

7、atometer红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙 o

8、range Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/s

9、chistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly s

10、plenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症 -it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthr

11、itis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石 litho-/-li

12、th lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7与方位有关的前缀含义 通用词 前缀 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepati

13、c/postprandial/retrocardiac内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/

14、peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/invaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/insaitju:/原位8与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开

15、 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography经 trans- transdominal/translateral/t

16、ransurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ket

17、one糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例杀 -cide/-ci

18、dal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻 cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行 retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac