医学英语主要前缀.docx

医学英语主要前缀.docx

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医学英语主要前缀

医学英语主要前缀

1．人体主要器官前缀

名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心heartcardiao-cardial/carditis/cardiology

脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/

encephalology

肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontor/pulmonectomy/

pulmonology

肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/

hepatology

胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/

gastrology

胆gallbladderchole-biliarycholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/

nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/

静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/

venoconstriction

动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/

arteriosclerosis

肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/

chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀

数字前缀示例

一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide

三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve

四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride（666）/hexacycliccompiund

七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa-octahedral/octalsystem

九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：

十位数的表示一般为：

个位数前缀+deca，如：

hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色通用名前缀示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/

chromatometer

红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/

erythrometer

白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

绿green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG

粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：

有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

（1）

含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/

adenopathy

病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/

granulocytopenia

无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

（2）

含义前（后）缀示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．与方位有关的前缀

含义通用词前缀示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial

间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：

invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:

/原位

8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography

经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：

ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：

ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：

electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：

electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：

electrocardiogram心电图记录。

9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal

酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysis

saccharo-saccharomyces

-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase

素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac