高考英语语法考前复习课件复合句简单句.ppt

1、九、复合句、并列句、简单句,1.(2009山东,24)Whenever I met her,was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.A.whoB.which C.whenD.that 解析 此处考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地 向我微笑。,B,2.(2009山东,28)The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.A.whereB.what C.howD.who 解析 rem

2、ain在此意为“留下，逗留”，where she was在句中作地点状语。句意为：这个迷路的小女 孩决定待在她原来的地方等待她妈妈。,A,3.(2009江苏，31)unemployment and crime are high,it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A.BeforeB.Where C.UnlessD.Until 解析 根据句意可知此题应该选B项。句意为：在 那些失业率和犯罪率都很高的地方，我们可以认 为后者是由于前者的原因。,B,4.(2009宁夏,24)Could I speak to is in cha

3、rge of International Sales please?A.whoB.what C.whoeverD.whatever 解析 句意为：请问一下我能不能和负责国际贸 易的人说话？speak to后接sb.，故排除B、D。句 中to后跟宾语从句，而且从句中又缺少主语，并且 是不确指，故排除A。,C,5.(2009宁夏,28)She brought with her three friends,none of I had ever met before.A.themB.who C.whomD.these 解析 句意为：她带来了她的三个朋友，以前我 一个也没见过。本句中前句是一个完整的句子

4、，但没用句号，用了逗号，并且中间也没有连词，所以后一个分句应是前一个分句的定语从句，又 因of为介词，其后必须跟宾语，故选C。,C,6.(2009江苏,23)Because of the financial crisis,days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 yuan for one night.A.ifB.when C.whichD.since 解析 句意为：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆每 晚收费6 000 元的日子已经一去不复返了。when引 导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词days,并且在从 句中作状语。,B,7.(2009江苏,3

5、4)Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A.asB.that C.whichD.what 解析 分析句子结构，leave需要一个宾语；could be需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾 语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有what能满 足要求。,D,8.(2009天津,5)A person e-mail account is full wont be able to send or r

6、eceive any e-mails.A.whoB.whom C.whoseD.whoever,解析 e-mail account前缺少定语，故用whose 引导定语从句，相当于the e-mail account of whom。,C,9.(2009天津,7)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A.asB.which C.whetherD.that 解析 句中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为 真正的主语。句意为：对学生们来说，他们应当为 未来做好充分的准备是很明显的。

7、,D,10.(2009天津,14)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A.asB.which C.whenD.though 解析 as引导比较或方式状语从句时，一般采用 正常语序，但在正式语体里，as从句有时也采用 倒装语序，即as I do或as do I。句意 为：，像住在天津市区的许多商人一样。,A,11.(2009陕西,11)Gun control is a subject Americans have ar

8、gued for a long time.A.of whichB.with which C.about whichD.into which 解析 argue about sth.争论某事；argue with sb.与某人争论。句意为：枪支的控制是很长时 间以来美国人争论的话题。,C,12.(2009陕西,17)The bow-to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A.whoB.whomever C.no matter whoD.whoever 解析 此处介词to后缺少宾语从句，而宾语从句 又缺少主语，应用whoever,相当于anyone

9、 who,意 为“无论谁”。C项只引导让步状语从句。,D,13.(2009上海,37)It is not immediately clear the financial crisis will soon be over.A.sinceB.what C.whenD.whether 解析 这是it作形式主语的名词性从句。句意为:金融危机是否会很快结束不会立刻明朗的。若主 语从句中去掉soon，也可以选C项，即“金融危机 什么时候会结束”；what在从句中没法与其他成分 搭配；since自从以来，不合句意。,D,14.(2009江西,33)The fact has worried many scie

10、ntists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.whatB.which C.thatD.though 解析 分析句式结构可知此处缺少同位语从句的 引导词，从句意义、结构均完整，所以选that。,C,15.(2009上海,34)Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed“The Magic Flute”are both museums now.A.whereB.when C.thereD.which 解析 由birthplace和house.are.可知，句 中 he comp

11、osed“The Magic Flute”是 一个定语从句，且定语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，因此缺少的是状语，即“在地方”作的魔笛 这支曲子，因此用where。,A,复合句 1.主语从句（1）引导主语从句的关联词有:that(不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用,通常用it作形式主语)，whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why。（2）主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常用it作形式主语的句型有：it+be+形容词（obvious,natural,surprising,wonderful,po

12、ssible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。,it+be+名词词组（no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。it+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。It doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。,（3）注意连

13、接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。2.宾语从句(1)引导宾语从句的关联词有四类：that(在宾语从句中常可以省略）；从属连词if/whether;连接代who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever；连接副词where,when,how,why。,（2）在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词形成的否定句中，否定词前移。I dont suppo

14、se he cares,does he?我想他不在意，是吗？（3）在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及Im afraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可以用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。如：I believe so./I dont believe so.(I believe not.),（4）宾语从句的时态变化规律：当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。The teacher said that the earth goes round the

15、 sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。3.表语从句（1）引导表语从句的关联词有that,whether,as,as if,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why。,（2）where,why,because,how等引导的从句作This is或That is的表语时，表示地点、原因、方式等。This is why we put off the sports meet.这就是我们为什么要延期举行运动会的原因。（3）连词because可引导表语从句。I think it is because you a

16、re doing too much.我想这是因为你做的太多。（4）主语是reason时，表语从句常用that,不用because。The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.他没来是因为他病了。,4.同位语从句（1）同位语从句的先行词多为 fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,promise,truth,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词that（不用which)。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你从哪儿听说我不能来？（2）

17、同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。I have no idea whether hell come or not.我不知道他是否来。,（3）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that引导同位语从句时只起连接从句的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省。that在定语从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分，如果在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省）李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news(that)he told me ye

18、sterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省）他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。,5.定语从句（1）注意关系代词that的用法。All that can be done has been done.能做的都做了。I have read all the books that you gave me.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.北海公园是200年前建造的最美丽的公园之一。,（2）关于“介词+关系代词”。能

19、作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom和which,先行词指人时，用whom,先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。In the office I never seem to have time until after 530,by which many people have got home.(根据句意，用by which,意为“到这个时候”）在办公室里，五点半以前我没有时间，而到这个时候，很多人都已经回家了。,In the dark street,there wasnt a single person

20、to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配）在漆黑的街道上，没有一个人可以让她求助。（3）当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which，that。,It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,when

21、for the first time their team won the World Cup.今年的这个时刻是让很多足球迷激动的一个时刻，因为他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。比较：This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语）这就是我们去年参观的博物馆。This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语）,这就是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。Ill never forget the days when I s

22、tudied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语）我永远不会忘记我在这所大学学习的日子。Ill never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的宾语）我永远不会忘记我们在一起的时光。,（4）关系词的用与否。如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二个分句前如有and,but,or,so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二个分句前如无and,but,or,so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。Alice

23、 received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.艾丽丝收到了老板的邀请，这让她很惊讶。,Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didnt help.汤姆的妈妈一直告诉他要努力工作，但他不听。I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers,which has a great effect on me.我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住

24、在那个小山村的日子，这对我影响很大。（5）as,which引导的非限制性定语从句。as,which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是,as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像一样”的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用as。,As is known to all,China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.大家都知道，20或30年之后，中国会成为一个强大的发达国家。Carol said the work would be done by Oct

25、ober,which personally I doubt very much.卡洛说工作会在10月前完成，我很怀疑他的说法。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which of course,made the others unhappy.多萝茜总是高度赞扬她在戏里扮演的角色，这让其他人很不高兴。,(6)如果先行词是way，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。I dont like the way that he spoke to me.I dont like the way in wh

26、ich he spoke to me.I dont like the way he spoke to me.我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。,6.状语从句（1）when,as,while 它们都引导时间状语从句，都可作“当时候”解。when意为“在时刻或时期”，它可指“时间点”或“时间段”，除此之外，when还可作“既然”解释。as意为“一边一边”或“随着”，着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。while只指“时间段”，意为“在期间”，它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词。while还可用作并列连词意为“而”“但”，表对比转折。,Im going to the post office.While yo

27、u are there,can you get me some stamps?我要去邮局了。你去的时候能不能帮我带些邮票回来？They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldnt.他们很惊讶一个小孩子居然能做出这道题，而他们自己却不能。As the days went on,the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气越来越糟糕。,The train had just started when we arrived at the station.我

28、们到车站时，火车刚开走。Why do you want a new job when youve got a good one already?你已经有了一份好工作，为什么还要换呢？（2）the moment,the second,the minute,as soon as,directly,immediately都是“一就”的意思。the first time,the last time作连词时，意为“当第一次的时候”，“当最后一次的时候”。no sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.,when也是“一就”之意，但它们有时态限制，前面部分用过去完成时，后面用一般过

29、去式。如果no sooner,hardly,scarcely在句首，句子要倒装（请参阅“倒装”）。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.你记得还给玛丽欠她的钱了吗？是的，我一看见她就给她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次看见她就觉得她很好，而且很诚实。,（3）before的惯用句型。It be+time+before.要过多久才 It be+not+time

30、+before.不要多久就 当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时，全句译为“来不及就”或“不等就”。It was not long before I forgot it all.没过多久我就把这事全忘了。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没来得及冲进房间里去救他的孩子，房子就已经塌了。,（4）where引导定语从句时，需跟在一个表示地点的名词后，引导地点状语从句时，跟在一个句子后，注意不要把它们混淆起来。After the war,a new school buil

31、ding was put up where there had once been a theatre.战争结束后，在原来是一座剧院的地方建起了一所学校。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你应该养成一个习惯：把东西放在你容易找到的地方。,After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年之后，他回到了童年时居住的小镇。、中wher

32、e引导的是地点状语从句，where前是一个句子。中的where前有地点名词the small town,是一个定语从句。（5）no matter+wh-与wh-+ever(无论、不管）no matter+wh-只可引导让步状语从句，wh-+ever则既可引导让步状语从句，又能引导名词性从句。当wh-+ever引导让步状语从句时，可与no matter+wh-互换。,Well have to finish the job,however long it takes.(however long it takes是让步状语从句，相当于no matter how long it takes)不管用多长

33、时间，我们必须完成这项工作。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(whoever引导主语从句，不能改成no matter who)不管是谁救起了这个溺水的小女孩都应该值得表扬。,7.简单句、并列句（1）祈使句+and/or+主谓结构 名词短语+and+主谓结构 Climb to the top of the mountain,and youll get a good view of the city.爬上山顶，你就会看见这座城市的美丽风景。Hurry up,or youll be late.快点，不然就迟到了。Another five minutes,and Ill finish the composition.再给我五分钟，我就能写完作文。,（2）反意疑问句 I dont think you can