1、The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ago. David Sandwell is a geophysics professor at the University of California. He and other scientists worked on the mapping project. He says they turned to space to look deeper into the ocean. The scientists collected and studied information
2、 from two satellites. Some of the data came from the European Space Agencys Cryo-2 satellite. It was placed in Earths orbit to watch sea ice. The other satellite is the American space agencys Jason-1. It is studying the surface of the oceans. Scientists combined the satellite data with images gather
3、ed by sonar （声呐） equipment on ships. Sonar works by sending sound waves through the water. When the sound waves hit an object, its presence is confirmed. The new map shows the sea floor as it has never been seen before. It shows thousands of underwater mountains and places where continents pulled ap
4、art. It shows where earthquakes were active many years ago. They all are buried deep underneath the ocean floor. David Sandwell says the map is a powerful tool for fisheries, those interested in protecting the environment and for oil exploration. “The petrol exploration industry is interested in how
5、 to reconnect the continents, bring them back together tectonically so you can map the basins on one continental edgesay, Africaand use that to establish where the similar basin would be on the other continental edge in South America. ”If scientists know that information, they may be able to find oi
6、l fields. The new data also will help scientists improve their estimates of ocean depths. This information can help ships travel safely and improve military operations and scientific projects worldwide. Mr Sandwell thinks scientists will make many more discoveries as they examine the new map and the
7、 information it provides. 【文章大意】这是一篇介绍关于新的海洋洋流地图的科普类文章。这个地图不仅能提供详细的大洋的图片而且还可以看到大洋底部的状况, 我们通过这个地图可以判断多年前发生在海洋底部的大地震。1. Which one is Not mentioned about the benefits brought by the new map?A. Fisheries. B. Scientific projects. C. Ship manufacture. D. Oil exploration. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“. . . the map
8、 is a powerful tool for fisheries, those interested in protecting the environment and for oil exploration. ”可知, 新式地图的编制有利于渔业, 环境科学研究以及油气勘探等方面, 但并没提到造船业。2. What can we know about the new map?A. It shows where earthquakes will happen. B. It will be helpful to industry and governments. C. It is three t
9、imes as detailed as the old one years ago. D. It shows the sea floor as it has ever been seen before. 【解析】选B。根据第一段中的“The map is expected to help oceanographers, industry and governments. ”可知, 新式地图有利于海洋学家, 工业及政府。3. The text is likely to appear in _. A. a newspaperB. an advertisementC. a science magaz
10、ineD. a finance report推理判断题。纵观全文, 主要讲述了新式地图给海洋科学, 工业科学, 石油勘探等方面带来的有利之处。故可以推测该文来源于科技杂志。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The detailed picture of the oceansB. Underwater mountains and placesC. More discoveries about the oceansD. Scientists create new maps of ocean floor【解
11、析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have produced a new map that provides a detailed picture of the oceans. The map is expected to help oceanographers, industry and governments. ”以及下文对新式地图绘制过程及在各领域方面的运用可知, 本文主要介绍了科学家绘制的新式海底地图。【知识拓展】形形色色的细节理解题文章细节的理解可以细化为: （1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合, 一一对应, 一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题
12、, 分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题, 答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系, 即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题, 分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题, 答案与题目之间存在一定的逻辑联系, 这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合, 才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题, 出题形式常常是“三正一误”（三项正确, 一项不符合原文内容）或者是“三误一正”（三项错误, 只有一项符合原文内容）。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节
13、题, 要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系, 找出事件发生, 发展的正确顺序。例如: 本篇阅读的第1小题: 此题属于细节理解中的（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合。BThe“swim-with-dolphins”tourist industry is becoming more popular every year with the increase of peoples income. After all, it can cost a large amount of money to have this kind of holiday experie
14、nce. So tour operators try to place eager swimmers as near as possible to the dolphins by trying to predict where the dolphins will be. Research has shown that while dolphins can move away if they do not want to interact（交流）with human swimmers, they do not like it at all if the swimmers slip into th
15、e water directly on top of them or if humans are in their path of travel. However, if swimmers enter the water to one side of them, the dolphins do not avoid the swimmers to the same extent. In all cases, the dolphins seem to have become more sensitive to the presence of the swimmers. For dolphins,
16、swimming amongst or with humans is not necessarily a high priority. This research has shown that only 19%of any group of dolphins will participate in interaction. Young dolphins are the most likely to interact; they do seem curious about being with humans. It is believed that they see humans as“ente
17、rtainment”and that the interaction is a new and unusual experience for them. It is frequently asked whether“swim-with-dolphins”tourism should be discontinued. The advice is that dolphins should be given enough periods of time throughout the day when they are not exposed to tourism. Permitted interac
18、tions should not be too disturbing to the dolphins since there could be mothers and calves（幼崽）present in dolphin groups. There should also be educational campaigns about the creatures and what is likely to cause danger to them. It is not easy to explain to someone that he/she cannot fulfill his/her
19、lifelong dreams because the dolphins are resting, or that a mother dolphin and calf are in the area. But if we are to enjoy these remarkable animals and not just use them for our entertainment, then we must carefully monitor the “swim-with-dolphins”industry worldwide. 【文章大意】作者对于和“海豚一起游泳”这个越来越受欢迎的旅游产
20、业提出自己的看法: 不要把它们当作娱乐消遣的工具。5. What makes “swim-with-dolphins”tourism popular?A. The local governments encouragement. B. The improvement of peoples living standard. C. The increasing number of tourists. D. The high profits of the industry. 根据第一段The “swim-with-dolphins” tourist industry is becoming more
21、 popular every year with the increase of peoples income. 来判断, 人们的收入增加了, 和海豚一起游泳的多了。所以选B。6. Why are young dolphins more likely to swim with humans?A. They do this out of curiosity. B. They like humans better. C. They are less sensitive. D. They prefer new things by nature. 【解析】选A。根据第三段they do seem cu
22、rious about being with humans. 可知, 它们和人一起游泳是出于好奇。7. What does the author suggest the“swim-with-dolphins”industry doing in Paragraph 4?A. Make people know the hidden threat to dolphins. B. Strictly limit the expansion of the industry. C. Avoid interaction with young dolphins. D. Expose dolphins to to
23、urists only in the daytime. 根据第四段, 允许的和海豚的互动不应该太打扰海豚, 因为里面可能有海豚妈妈和海豚幼崽。人们和它们一起可能会惊吓小海豚。8. What is the authors attitude toward“swim-with-dolphins”?A. Negative. B. Cautious. C. Supportive. D. Optimistic. 通过最后一句“如果我们真喜欢海豚这种非凡的动物而不是把它们作为我们娱乐的工具, 那么我们必须小心谨慎地监督这个产业。故选B。【加固训练】The answer to protecting and s
24、aving marine（海洋）wildlife can start with cutting back on something Americans use every dayplastic drinking straws（吸管）. Actor Adrien Grenier, best known for playing Vincent Chase in 2015 movie Entourage, has launched a campaign to reduce the amount of single-use plastic usage in this country in order
25、to protect and save marine wildlife and the environment. Plastic drinking straws are among many single-use plastic products contributing to the shocking loss of marine life, but they are a great place to start because theyre something Americans are using by the hundreds of millions without any aware
26、ness that theyre so damaging. According to Ecocycle, an international environmental organization, Americans use more than 500 million straws daily, which are enough to fill 127 school buses each day, and they can t be recycled. That means plastic straws end up in landfills or oceans, where fish and
27、other marine wildlife mistake the small bits for food and swallow them. After seeing a photo of a whale beached on the shore with a belly full of plastic, Grenier felt the inspiration to launch the Lonely Whale Foundation, hoping to inspire and educate others on the challenges facing marine life. Al
28、ong with stopping the use of straws, Grenier hopes to educate consumers on the dangers of other single-use plastic items such as grocery bags and water bottles. While many Americans use these plastic products in their daily life, there are more sustainable alternatives that can help protect the envi
29、ronment. Ecocycle recommends the use of straws made from stainless steel, glass, and even bamboo instead of plastic. You can buy a number of these environmentally friendly straws online and in stores. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了人们日常生活中大量使用塑料制产品如塑料吸管会对海洋生物造成生命危险, 而演员Grenier发起成立了“孤独的鲸基金会”呼吁人们保护海洋生物, 减少塑料使用量。1. What
30、 initially contributed to the start of Greniers campaign?A. Plastic straws in landfills. B. A picture of a dead whale. C. The severe damage done to the sea. D. The disappearance of some species under the sea. 根据第一段最后一句After seeing a photo of a whale beached on the shore with a belly full of plastic, Grenier felt the inspiration to launch the Lonely Whale Foundation, hoping to inspire and educate others on the challenges facing marine life. 可知, Grenier是看到一只肚子里全是塑料并搁浅在岸的鲸鱼的照片后, 才受到激励发起的基金会, 故选B。2. What is the primary purpo
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