10544003李洁硕士论文摘要.docx

1、10544003李洁硕士论文摘要 硕士研究生学位论文题目：汉语的量词及与之相关的成分习得研究 姓 名： 李洁 学 号： 10544003 院 系： 对外汉语教育学院 专 业： 汉语言文字学 研究方向： 对外汉语教学研究 导师姓名： 杨德峰 教授 二00八 年 五 月版权声明 任何收存和保管本论文各种版本的单位和个人，未经本论文作者同意，不得将本论文转借他人，亦不得随意复制、抄录、拍照或以任何方式传播。否则，引起有碍作者著作权之问题，将可能承担法律责任。摘 要量词是汉藏语系特有的词类，使用量词及与之相关的成分是汉语母语者重要的语言习惯之一。在第二语言习得领域，量词及与之相关的成分也是学习者不可回

2、避的习得对象之一。因此，量词及与之相关成分的习得研究具有重大的现实意义。然而，截止目前，在第二语言习得研究领域，量词及与之相关成分的习得研究尚未受到足够的重视。从发表时间来看，关于量词及与之相关成分的习得研究成果大多数是近十年来发表的；从研究领域来看，涉及偏误分析的较多，涉及习得顺序与习得过程研究和个体差异研究等的较少；从研究方法上看，采取描写研究的较多，采取实证研究的较少；从研究对象上看，研究名量词的成果较多，研究其他量词及量词相关成分的成果较少，研究量词结构的更少。量词及与之相关成分的习得过程、习得特征、习得规律等方面还有待更加深入、全面、细致地研究和考察。 本文以所搜集的中介语语料中初、

3、中、高级的学生使用量词及与之相关成分的句子为样本,归纳各级语料中的偏误用例，根据习得理论，把偏误语料划分为误用、缺失、多余、错序四类，指出这些偏误有多发性、不均衡性和低阶性三种特征。本文还比较了初、中、高级阶段学习者习得量词以及与量词相关结构的情况,分析了各阶段学习者习得量词及与之相关成分的主要特征,构拟出了量词相关结构的习得顺序。根据研究结论，本文认为，量词及与之相关成分的习得具有阶段、等级和类型上的不均衡性：第二语言学习者习得量词的主要阶段是初、中级阶段；甲、乙级量词较容易习得，丙、丁级量词较难习得；简单结构较容易习得，复杂结构较难习得；与日常学习生活相关的、指称范畴较广的量词及与之相关的

4、成分较易习得，日常生活中不常见的，指称范畴较窄的量词及与之相关的成分较难习得。影响习得的主要因素是语际迁移、语内迁移、教师和教材、学习者的交际策略和交际文化。本文还对四部常见教材中出现的量词及与之相关成分的编排进行了分析，指出了一些目前教材中存在的不足，提出了一些教学建议。 本文的研究意义在于：在前人研究的基础上，对中介语语料中出现的量词及与之相关成分的有偏误的句子进行了实证研究，验证了前人的研究成果，此外，还发现了一些新的偏误类型和偏误特征，并探讨了这些偏误产生的具体原因。同时，本文还对中介语语料中量词及相关结构做了深入、全面、细致地研究和分析，探讨了量词相关结构的习得顺序，指出了影响量词习

5、得的相关因素，提出了相应的教学建议。这些成果对量词及与之相关成分研究和教学的进一步开展都具备一定的助益。关键词：量词 相关成分 习得 中介语 类推泛化 语际迁移 语内迁移 A Study of the Foreign Students Acquisition of Chinese Measure Words and Related ComponentLi Jie Chinese PhilologyDirected by Prof. Yang DefengAbstract The measure word is a specific part of words in Sino-Tibetan l

6、anguage family. Using measure words is one of the habits of the people who speaking Chinese as their mother language. The measure words and related components are one of the necessary objects in the area of second language acquisition. Therefore there is grave sense on the study of the measure words

7、 and related components. However, the study of the acquisition of Chinese measure words and related component has not been paid enough attention until now days. The papers on the study have been published just for last decade. In this area of study, there are more attention has been paid to error an

8、alysis than acquisition order、acquisition process and individual different, etc, and there are more paper taking description method than analysis method. There are more focus on noun-measure words than on verb-measure and related component; measure word structure has got the least focus. Therefore w

9、e should pay more attention on the acquisition process、acquisition characterization, and acquisition rule of Chinese measure words and related component. This thesis compares foreign students acquisition of Chinese measure words and related component from different levels with the measure word data

10、from the Interlanguage Corpus of Chinese Learners. All corpuses have been sorted into the misuse of partial for all the levels. According to SLA theory, the mistakes are sorted as the misuse of Corpus, missing, redundant, wrong sequence-four categories. The mistakes are found to be multiform, non-eq

11、ual and fundamental. We also compared the base, middle and high-level learners for Classifiers Acquisition and related structures of Classifiers. Learners for all levels show the Acquisition and related components Quantifiers as the main features of a structure to be associated with the structure of

12、 the study Classifiers. According to analysis of mistakes and Acquisition conclusion of the study, we think, Quantities and related components of the acquisition stage, grade and type of non-equableness features: the main stage of Learning a second language Quantifiers is the base, middle levels. A,

13、 B Classifiers are more easily to be acquiesced, C, D-Classifiers are more difficult to be acquiesced; simple structure is more easily to be acquiesced, complex structure is more difficult to be acquiesced; the words associated with the day life of the study, with broader scope of the allegations an

14、d Classifiers Related components are easier to be acquiesced ,else will be more difficult to be acquiesced. The main factors affecting the language acquisition are the occasion of migration, language, migration, teachers and textbooks, learners communication strategy and communication culture. This

15、article also analyzes three common textbooks on the quantifiers and related components for the presentation. Eight Chinese teachers are interviewed, from them, we note that a number of currently lack of textbooks, and give a number of Teaching recommendations. This study is based on previous studies

16、 of the mistakes of intermediary language corpus in the quantifiers and related components, and carried out empirical studies to verify the results of previous studies, In addition, we found a number of new types of mistakes and mistakes characteristics, and discuss the specific reasons. At the same

17、 time, the paper also made an in-depth, comprehensive, detailed research and analysis on the structure of the acquisition-related measure word, found the factors of the measure word acquisition, and also give some recommendations of teaching. The results will benefit further research and teaching.Ke

18、y words: Measure Word，Related Component,Acquisition ，Interlanguage ，Analogy Generalization ，Interlingusal Transfer， Intralingual Transfer目 录0 引 言 10.1 选题缘由 10.2 研究背景综述 20.2.1 习得理论 20.2.2 量词习得研究 20.2.2.1 母语学习者习得研究 20.2.2.2 第二语言学习者习得研究 41 研究对象和语料 72 习得情况分析 82.1 偏误分析 82.1.1 偏误类型 82.1.1.1 误用 92.1.1.2 缺失

19、 152.1.1.3 多余 162.1.1.4 错序 182.1.2 偏误特征 202.1.2.1 多发性 202.1.2.2 不均衡性 202.1.2.3 低阶性 212.2 习得特征 212.2.1初级阶段学习者习得特征 212.2.1.1量词的习得特征 212.2.2.2与量词相关的结构的习得特征 222.2.2中级阶段学习者习得特征 262.2.2.1 量词的习得特征 262.2.2.2与量词相关的结构的习得特征 272.2.3高级阶段学习者习得特征 312.2.3.1 量词的习得特征 312.2.3.2与量词相关的结构的习得特征 323 习得特点及影响习得的因素 353.1 习得特点 353.1.1 习得正确率与学习者水平成正比 353.1.2习得不均衡 353.1.3 类推泛化较明显 363.2 影响习得的因素 373.2.1 语际迁移 373.2.2 语内迁移 383.2.3 教师和教材 393.2.4 学习者的交际策略 403.2.5 文化 414 教学建议 414.1 教材及教学评析 414.1.1生词 414.1.2语言点 434.1.3 练习 464.2 教学建议 48参考文献 51