tesco candle protocoloctdraft rev 03 乐购蜡烛检验标准.docx

1、tesco candle protocoloctdraft rev 03 乐购蜡烛检验标准IntroductionThis document defines safety requirements for candles candle holders/containers and similar products. It includes matters which may have either direct or indirect affects on safety.Whilst some national and international standards exist, none o

2、f them are comprehensive. This protocol was drawn up to offer a more comprehensive set of requirements by which to judge the safety of candles and related products.In the assessment of the candle, the following parts of this protocol will be carried out:a) Burn testb) Labelling assessmentBurning tri

3、als are the only reliable means to determine the burning behaviour of candles. Any change to a candle design can affect the burning behaviour but the following factors are particularly important: wick, decorative coatings, container, wax, viscosity additives, fragrance, colourants and wick sustainer

4、.The following parts are applicable to certain types of candles and may be carried out by the laboratory, as they are deemed necessary to make a full assessment of safety, or at the request of the client:a) Sectioning of candleb) Annealing/thermal shock test of candle containersc) Soot deposit testd

5、) Chemical tests (EN 71-3, total lead content in wick)1. ScopeThis protocol specifies requirements, observations and methods of test for wax candles including the following types:Taper candles (sometimes known as dinner candles), pillar candles, containerised candles and tealights. The scope of this

6、 protocol includes multi-wick candles and outdoor garden candles.The requirements for testing and evaluation of Birthday candles are given in Appendix 3.Incense sticks are not included but are covered by a separate protocol.This protocol does not cover aromatherapy oil heaters, decorative oil lamps

7、or lighters for cigarettes.2. References2.1 ASTM F1972-2005 Standard Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items2.2 ASTM F2058-2007 Standard Specification for Cautionary Labelling for Candles Burned in Home2.3 ASTM F2179-2002 Standard Specification for Annealed Soda-Lime

8、-Silicate Glass Containers That Are Produced for Use as Candle Containers2.4 ASTM F2326 -2004 Standard Test Method for Collection and Analysis of Visible Emissions from Candles as They Burn2.5 ASTM F2417-2011 Standard Specification for Fire Safety for Candles2.6 ASTM F2601-2012 Standard Specificatio

9、n for Fire Safety for Candle Accessories2.7 BS EN 1183:1997 Test methods for thermal shock and thermal shock endurance BS EN 15426:2007 Candles - Test method for measuring the soot index2.9 BS EN 15493:2007 Candles - Specification for fire safety2.10 BS EN 15494:2007 Candles -Product safety labels a

10、nd warnings2.11 BS EN ISO 13732-1 Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessmentof human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot surfaces2.12 ISO 3864-2:2004 Graphical Symbols Safety Colours and Safety Signs Part 2 Design Principles for Product Safety Labels2.13 Materials an

11、d Articles in Contact in Food Framework Regulation (EC) No 1935/20043. DefinitionsThroughout this protocol, the following definitions apply:3.1 Adverse IndicatorsObservations that are regarded as undesirable (see Clause 4) but in isolation are not sufficient to consider a candle unsafe. A combinatio

12、n of adverse indicators may lead to the candle being considered unsafe.3.2 Candle holderAn object in which the candle is intended to be placed throughout the burning. Typical examples include lanterns, tealight holders and candlesticks. They may be made from different materials such as glass, cerami

13、c, metal, plastic or wood.3.3 Candle containerObject used to hold the molten wax fuel that gives the candle shape and support. A typical example is a glass container used with votive candles.3.4 ClubbingThe accumulation of carbon on the tip of the wick that typically takes the shape of a “club” or s

14、hamrock shape (see photograph).Figure 1 - Clubbing3.5 Flare-upThe auto-ignition of the molten wax pool when the wax reaches its flash point. When flare-up has taken place, the wax will burn with a flame that covers the surface of the molten wax and will burn regardless of whether a wick is present.3

15、.6 Free-standing candleCandle intended to be used without any additional holder. A containerised candle, where the base of the container is flat, is considered to be freestanding.3.7 GutterPeriods of instability of the flame resulting in flickering and pulsating growth and shrinkage of the flame. Fr

16、equently this instability gives rise to puffs of smoke.3.8 InclusionsMaterials and objects intentionally set within the wax, usually to provide a decorative effect. May include small items such as flakes of glitter, and larger items such as whole flower heads.3.9 Maxi tealightTealight with a diamete

17、r 50 mm or greater.3.10 Secondary wickMaterials that burn separately and independent of the primary wick, with duration of flaming of more than 30 s. Such materials may detach from the primary wick or may be elsewhere in the construction of the candle.1 SootTotal condensate, which is made up of soli

18、d, hydrocarbon enriched particles that come into existence when the candle mass in the flame is incompletely burnt and which are subsequently released into the atmosphere.2 Soot indexReference number for evaluation of the sooting behaviour of candles.3 Supplemental wickMaterials and debris that adhe

19、re to a wick causing the wick to burn with an enlarged, broader flame.3.14 Toothpick candleCandle attached to a pointed stick (resembling a toothpick), typically small Birthday candles intended in which the “toothpick” stand is intended to be inserted into the cake.5 WickThe device that delivers the

20、 molten wax to the flame, by capillary action, through a porous, normally fibrous material.6 Wick sustainerThe anchorage device for the wick.4. Safety RequirementsClauses 4.1 to 4.5 are taken from BS EN 15493A failure to comply with a safety requirement shall constitute a failure to the protocol.4.1

21、 Free-standing candles shall be stable on a 10 slope. NOTE: For candleholders, the holder shall be tested with the appropriate size of candle in the holder. If there is no claimed candle size, a 3” x 9” pillar / 10” taper will be used with respect to the intended use.4.2 No secondary ignition that c

22、ontinues to burn for more than 10 s, of any material other than the intended wick(s).4.3 When allowed to burn to completion, candles shall self extinguish without presenting a significant risk of igniting other materials such as the standing surface. Scorching of the standing surface shall constitut

23、e a failure.4.4 Flame size must be commensurate with the size of the candle and must not be so large that there is a risk of overheating, or so small that the flame becomes barely visible.Typical flame height as follows but the overall flame condition will be judged during the actual burn test:a) Te

24、alight Maximum 30 mmb) Maxi tealights Maximum 40 mmc) Pillar, container, taper, Maximum 75 mm other indoor candled) Birthday candles Maximum 55 mm (See Appendix 3)e) Outdoor candle No requirementA minimum of 5 mm shall be maintained even though it is not related to any safety hazard. This will be st

25、ated in the test report but will not constitute a failure result.4.5 Wicks should not continue to glow/smoke for more than 20 s after extinction of the flame.4.6 Candles shall not overheat such that they flare-up at any stage in the burning process.4.7 Containers/holders shall not attain temperature

26、s in excess of those shown in Table 1.4.8 Transient secondary wicks must not give rise to a risk of ignition of other materials, regardless of whether such materials form part of candle.4.9 Candles shall burn smoothly and the flames must not migrate or move from the confines of the candle or candleh

27、older.4.10 Containers/holders for candles shall not ignite, crack or shatter during the burning process.4.11 Containers shall not be porous to wax such that they pose a risk of forming a secondary wick. A typical example of an unsuitable container is unglazed terracotta.4.12 Wicks shall not include

28、metallic cores that contain more than 600 mg/kg of lead. Compliance is checked by testing for total lead content using acid dissolution followed by ICP-AES analysis.4.13 Candles shall not be capable of confusion with food such that they would fail to comply with the UK Food Imitations (Safety) Regul

29、ations 1989 SI No 1291.4.14 Decorative coatings shall comply with the heavy elements limits specified in EN 71-3:1994.4.15 Fragrances shall be appropriate for burning and shall be approved for use in cosmetics. Only fragrances from Tesco approved fragrance houses can be used, this currently includes

30、 CPL and Belmay. Candles containing citronella shall be for outdoor use only and shall be labelled to this effect.4.16 The wax pool temperature of tealights and containerised candles should not exceed 100 C. Temperatures in excess of 100 C indicate a tendency to overheating and potential flare-up.4.

31、17 Tealight holders shall retain their integrity when a flare-up test is conducted as described under Clause 7.7.4.18 Flames from the wick shall not come into prolonged contact with the walls of the container.4.19 The wax must be free from extraneous matter that might pose a risk of forming a second

32、ary wick, such as pieces of wick trimmings. Containers/holders shall not deform such that they present a risk of coming into contact with the flame. Wicks shall be predominantly free from excessive clubbing during the burning process. Candles shall comply with the soot index requirements of BS EN 15426. This requirement only needs to be verified if the test laboratory considers that the level of emitted smoke may cause the test candle to fail. If the level