tesco candle protocoloctdraft rev 03 乐购蜡烛检验标准.docx

tesco candle protocoloctdraft rev 03 乐购蜡烛检验标准.docx

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tescocandleprotocoloctdraftrev03乐购蜡烛检验标准

Introduction

Thisdocumentdefinessafetyrequirementsforcandlescandleholders/containersandsimilarproducts.Itincludesmatterswhichmayhaveeitherdirectorindirectaffectsonsafety.

Whilstsomenationalandinternationalstandardsexist,noneofthemarecomprehensive.Thisprotocolwasdrawnuptoofferamorecomprehensivesetofrequirementsbywhichtojudgethesafetyofcandlesandrelatedproducts.

Intheassessmentofthecandle,thefollowingpartsofthisprotocolwillbecarriedout:

a）Burntest

b）Labellingassessment

Burningtrialsaretheonlyreliablemeanstodeterminetheburningbehaviourofcandles.Anychangetoacandledesigncanaffecttheburningbehaviourbutthefollowingfactorsareparticularlyimportant:

wick,decorativecoatings,container,wax,viscosityadditives,fragrance,colourantsandwicksustainer.

Thefollowingpartsareapplicabletocertaintypesofcandlesandmaybecarriedoutbythelaboratory,astheyaredeemednecessarytomakeafullassessmentofsafety,orattherequestoftheclient:

a）Sectioningofcandle

b）Annealing/thermalshocktestofcandlecontainers

c）Sootdeposittest

d）Chemicaltests（EN71-3,totalleadcontentinwick）

1.Scope

Thisprotocolspecifiesrequirements,observationsandmethodsoftestforwaxcandlesincludingthefollowingtypes:

Tapercandles（sometimesknownasdinnercandles）,pillarcandles,containerisedcandlesandtealights.Thescopeofthisprotocolincludesmulti-wickcandlesandoutdoorgardencandles.

TherequirementsfortestingandevaluationofBirthdaycandlesaregiveninAppendix3.

Incensesticksarenotincludedbutarecoveredbyaseparateprotocol.

Thisprotocoldoesnotcoveraromatherapyoilheaters,decorativeoillampsorlightersforcigarettes.

2.References

2.1ASTMF1972-2005StandardGuideforTerminologyRelatingtoCandlesandAssociatedAccessoryItems

2.2ASTMF2058-2007StandardSpecificationforCautionaryLabellingforCandlesBurnedinHome

2.3ASTMF2179-2002StandardSpecificationforAnnealedSoda-Lime-SilicateGlassContainersThatAreProducedforUseasCandleContainers

2.4ASTMF2326-2004StandardTestMethodforCollectionandAnalysisofVisibleEmissionsfromCandlesasTheyBurn

2.5ASTMF2417-2011StandardSpecificationforFireSafetyforCandles

2.6ASTMF2601-2012StandardSpecificationforFireSafetyforCandleAccessories

2.7BSEN1183:

1997Testmethodsforthermalshockandthermalshockendurance

BSEN15426:

2007Candles-Testmethodformeasuringthesootindex

2.9BSEN15493:

2007Candles-Specificationforfiresafety

2.10BSEN15494:

2007Candles-Productsafetylabelsandwarnings

2.11BSENISO13732-1Ergonomicsofthethermalenvironment–Methodsfortheassessment

ofhumanresponsestocontactwithsurfaces–Part1:

Hotsurfaces

2.12ISO3864-2:

2004GraphicalSymbols–SafetyColoursandSafetySigns–Part2DesignPrinciplesforProductSafetyLabels

2.13MaterialsandArticlesinContactinFoodFrameworkRegulation（EC）No1935/2004

3.Definitions

Throughoutthisprotocol,thefollowingdefinitionsapply:

3.1AdverseIndicators

Observationsthatareregardedasundesirable（seeClause4）butinisolationarenotsufficienttoconsideracandleunsafe.Acombinationofadverseindicatorsmayleadtothecandlebeingconsideredunsafe.

3.2Candleholder

Anobjectinwhichthecandleisintendedtobeplacedthroughouttheburning.Typicalexamplesincludelanterns,tealightholdersandcandlesticks.Theymaybemadefromdifferentmaterialssuchasglass,ceramic,metal,plasticorwood.

3.3Candlecontainer

Objectusedtoholdthemoltenwaxfuelthatgivesthecandleshapeandsupport.Atypicalexampleisaglasscontainerusedwithvotivecandles.

3.4Clubbing

Theaccumulationofcarbononthetipofthewickthattypicallytakestheshapeofa“club”orshamrockshape（seephotograph）.

Figure1-Clubbing

3.5Flare-up

Theauto-ignitionofthemoltenwaxpoolwhenthewaxreachesitsflashpoint.Whenflare-uphastakenplace,thewaxwillburnwithaflamethatcoversthesurfaceofthemoltenwaxandwillburnregardlessofwhetherawickispresent.

3.6Free-standingcandle

Candleintendedtobeusedwithoutanyadditionalholder.Acontainerisedcandle,wherethebaseofthecontainerisflat,isconsideredtobefreestanding.

3.7Gutter

Periodsofinstabilityoftheflameresultinginflickeringandpulsatinggrowthandshrinkageoftheflame.Frequentlythisinstabilitygivesrisetopuffsofsmoke.

3.8Inclusions

Materialsandobjectsintentionallysetwithinthewax,usuallytoprovideadecorativeeffect.Mayincludesmallitemssuchasflakesofglitter,andlargeritemssuchaswholeflowerheads.

3.9Maxitealight

Tealightwithadiameter50mmorgreater.

3.10Secondarywick

Materialsthatburnseparatelyandindependentoftheprimarywick,withdurationofflamingofmorethan30s.Suchmaterialsmaydetachfromtheprimarywickormaybeelsewhereintheconstructionofthecandle.

1Soot

Totalcondensate,whichismadeupofsolid,hydrocarbonenrichedparticlesthatcomeintoexistencewhenthecandlemassintheflameisincompletelyburntandwhicharesubsequentlyreleasedintotheatmosphere.

2Sootindex

Referencenumberforevaluationofthesootingbehaviourofcandles.

3Supplementalwick

Materialsanddebristhatadheretoawickcausingthewicktoburnwithanenlarged,broaderflame.

3.14Toothpickcandle

Candleattachedtoapointedstick（resemblingatoothpick）,typicallysmallBirthdaycandlesintendedinwhichthe“toothpick”standisintendedtobeinsertedintothecake.

5Wick

Thedevicethatdeliversthemoltenwaxtotheflame,bycapillaryaction,throughaporous,normallyfibrousmaterial.

6Wicksustainer

Theanchoragedeviceforthewick.

4.SafetyRequirements

Clauses4.1to4.5aretakenfromBSEN15493

Afailuretocomplywithasafetyrequirementshallconstituteafailuretotheprotocol.

4.1Free-standingcandlesshallbestableona10°slope.

NOTE:

Forcandleholders,theholdershallbetestedwiththeappropriatesizeofcandleintheholder.Ifthereisnoclaimedcandlesize,a3”x9”pillar/10”taperwillbeusedwithrespecttotheintendeduse.

4.2Nosecondaryignitionthatcontinuestoburnformorethan10s,ofanymaterialotherthantheintendedwick（s）.

4.3Whenallowedtoburntocompletion,candlesshallselfextinguishwithoutpresentingasignificantriskofignitingothermaterialssuchasthestandingsurface.Scorchingofthestandingsurfaceshallconstituteafailure.

4.4Flamesizemustbecommensuratewiththesizeofthecandleandmustnotbesolargethatthereisariskofoverheating,orsosmallthattheflamebecomesbarelyvisible.

Typicalflameheightasfollowsbuttheoverallflameconditionwillbejudgedduringtheactualburntest:

a）TealightMaximum30mm

b）MaxitealightsMaximum40mm

c）Pillar,container,taper,Maximum75mm

otherindoorcandle

d）BirthdaycandlesMaximum55mm（SeeAppendix3）

e）OutdoorcandleNorequirement

Aminimumof5mmshallbemaintainedeventhoughitisnotrelatedtoanysafetyhazard.Thiswillbestatedinthetestreportbutwillnotconstituteafailureresult.

4.5Wicksshouldnotcontinuetoglow/smokeformorethan20safterextinctionoftheflame.

4.6Candlesshallnotoverheatsuchthattheyflare-upatanystageintheburningprocess.

4.7Containers/holdersshallnotattaintemperaturesinexcessofthoseshowninTable1.

4.8Transientsecondarywicksmustnotgiverisetoariskofignitionofothermaterials,regardlessofwhethersuchmaterialsformpartofcandle.

4.9Candlesshallburnsmoothlyandtheflamesmustnotmigrateormovefromtheconfinesofthecandleorcandleholder.

4.10Containers/holdersforcandlesshallnotignite,crackorshatterduringtheburningprocess.

4.11Containersshallnotbeporoustowaxsuchthattheyposeariskofformingasecondarywick.Atypicalexampleofanunsuitablecontainerisunglazedterracotta.

4.12Wicksshallnotincludemetalliccoresthatcontainmorethan600mg/kgoflead.ComplianceischeckedbytestingfortotalleadcontentusingaciddissolutionfollowedbyICP-AESanalysis.

4.13CandlesshallnotbecapableofconfusionwithfoodsuchthattheywouldfailtocomplywiththeUKFoodImitations（Safety）Regulations1989SINo1291.

4.14DecorativecoatingsshallcomplywiththeheavyelementslimitsspecifiedinEN71-3:

1994.

4.15Fragrancesshallbeappropriateforburningandshallbeapprovedforuseincosmetics.OnlyfragrancesfromTescoapprovedfragrancehousescanbeused,thiscurrentlyincludesCPLandBelmay.Candlescontainingcitronellashallbeforoutdooruseonlyandshallbelabelledtothiseffect.

4.16Thewaxpooltemperatureoftealightsandcontainerisedcandlesshouldnotexceed100°C.Temperaturesinexcessof100°Cindicateatendencytooverheatingandpotentialflare-up.

4.17Tealightholdersshallretaintheirintegritywhenaflare-uptestisconductedasdescribedunderClause7.7.

4.18Flamesfromthewickshallnotcomeintoprolongedcontactwiththewallsofthecontainer.

4.19Thewaxmustbefreefromextraneousmatterthatmightposeariskofformingasecondarywick,suchaspiecesofwicktrimmings.

Containers/holdersshallnotdeformsuchthattheypresentariskofcomingintocontactwiththeflame.

Wicksshallbepredominantlyfreefromexcessiveclubbingduringtheburningprocess.

CandlesshallcomplywiththesootindexrequirementsofBSEN15426.Thisrequirementonlyneedstobeverifiedifthetestlaboratoryconsidersthatthelevelofemittedsmokemaycausethetestcandletofail.Ifthelevel