第四版语言学教程答案.docx

1、第四版语言学教程答案第四版语言学教程答案【篇一：语言学教程(胡壮麟版)综合测试题含标准答案】 class=txt英语语言学试卷 （一） 第一部分 选择题 i. directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a, b, c or d in the brackets. (2%x10=20%) 1.saussures distinction and chom

2、skys are very similar, but they differ in that _. a. saussure took a sociological view of language while chomsky took a psychological point of view b. saussure took a psychological view of language while chomsky took a sociological point of view c. saussure took a pragmatic view of language while ch

3、omsky took a semantic point of view d. saussure took a structural view of language while chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. language is a system of _ vocal symbols used for human communication. a. unnatural b. artificial c. superficiald. arbitrary 3. we are born with the ability to acquire la

4、nguage, _. a. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted b. therefore, we neednt learn the details of our mother tongue c. but the details of language have to be learnt. d. and the details are acquired by instinct 4. a(n)_ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. it is a

5、collection of distinctive phonetic features. a. phone b. allophone c. phoneme d. sound 5. the morpheme ed in the word “worked” is a(n) _ morpheme. a. derivational b. inflectional c. free d. word-forming 6. wh-movement is _ in english which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative. a. obl

6、igatoryb. optional c. selectional d. arbitrary 7. naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _. a. griceb. platoc. saussured. ogden and richards 8. “john married a blond heiress.”_ “john married a blond.” a. is synonymous with b. is inconsistent with c. entails d. p

7、resupposes 9. in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called _, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. a. utterance b. reference c. predicationd. morpheme 10. in austins speech act theory, _ is the act of expressing the speakers intention; it is the act performed in say

8、ing something. a. a perlocutionary act b. a locutionary act c. a constative actd. an illocutionary act 第二部分 非选择题 ii. directions: fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and

9、you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%x10=10%) 11. p_ relates the study of language to psychology. it aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. 12. a d_ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language o

10、ver a period of time. 13. language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. at the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. this design feature is called d_. 14. the articu

11、latory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_ cavity and the nasal cavity. 15. the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_. 16. s_ features such as stress, tone and intonation can

12、 influence the interpretation of meaning. 17. phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_ properties.18. h_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. 19. s

13、ome important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. iii. directions: judge whether each of the following statements is true

14、 or false. put a t for true or f for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%x10=20%) ( ) 21. linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation. ( ) 22. language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic

15、connection between words and what these words actually refer to. ( ) 23. the conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language. ( ) 24. the meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in english because english, unlike

16、 chinese, is a typical tone language. ( ) 25. the syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. ( ) 26. when we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of so

17、mething in our minds eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol. ( ) 27. all utterances can be restored to complete sentences. for example, “good morning!” can be restored to “i wish you a good morning.” ( ) 28. two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same region

18、al dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors. ( ) 29. black english is linguistically inferior to standard english because black english is not as systematic as standard english. ( ) 30. any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acqu

19、iring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly. iv. directions: explain the following terms. (3%x10=30%) 31. parole: 32. broad transcription: 33.allophones: 34.phrase structure rules: 35.context 36.historical linguistics: 37.standard language: 38.linguistic taboo: 39.acculturation: 40.care-

20、taker speech: v. answer the following questions. (10%x2=20%) 41. enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples. 42. english has undergone tremendous changes since its anglo-saxon days. identify the major periods in its h

21、istorical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next. 英语语言学试卷答案 (一) 第一部分 选择题 i. directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a, b, c or d in t

22、he brackets. (2%x10=20%) 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. c 5.b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. d 第二部分 非选择题 ii. directions: fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not【篇二：语言学课后答案4】 the

23、 study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structures. co-occurrence: it means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require, the occurrence of a word

24、 of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. for instance, what can precede a noun (dog) is usually the determiners and adjectives, and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark, bite, run, etc. in short, co-occurrenc

25、e is the syntactic environment in which a construction, with its relevant elements, can appear grammatically and conventionally. thus relations of co-occurrence partly belong to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations. construction: it refers to any syntactic construct which is assig

26、ned one or more conventional functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistically conventionalized about its contribution to the meaning or use construct contains. it can be further divided into the external and internal properties. take sentence the boy kicked the ball as an example, w

27、e will determine the external syntax as an independentclause, while np (the boy), vp (kicked) and np (the ball) will be assigned respectively to the different elements in this clause. constituent: constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part o

28、f a larger linguistic unit. several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence the boy ate the apple, s (a), the boy (b), ate the apple(c), each part is a constituent. constituents can be joined together with other constituents to form larger units. if two constituents,

29、in the case of the example above, b (the boy) and c (ate the apple), are joined to form a hierarchically higher constituent a (s, here a sentence), then b and c are said to be immediate constituents of a. endocentric: endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to t

30、hat of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head. in the phrase two pretty girls, girls is the centre or head of this phrase or word group. exocentric: exocentric construction refers to a group of syntactically related words where n

31、one of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable centre or head inside the group. exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb + object) construction, andconnective (be + complement) construction. in the sentence a whole. coordination: a common syntactic pattern in english and other languages is formed by grouping together two or more categories of the same type with the help of a conjunction such as and, but or or. this phenomenon is known as coordination. in the