第四版语言学教程答案.docx

第四版语言学教程答案.docx

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第四版语言学教程答案

第四版语言学教程答案

【篇一：

语言学教程（胡壮麟版）综合测试题含标准答案】

class=txt>英语语言学试卷

（一）

第一部分选择题

i.directions:

readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefour

choicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.

（2%x10=20%）

1.saussure’sdistinctionandchomsky’sareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat____________.a.

saussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookapsychologicalpointofview

b.saussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookasociologicalpointof

view

c.saussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookasemanticpointofview

d.saussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookapragmaticpointofview

2.languageisasystemof____________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.a.

unnaturalb.artificial

c.superficiald.arbitrary

3.wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_______________.

a.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted

b.therefore,weneedn’tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongue

c.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.

d.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct

4.a（n）________isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.itisacollectionofdistinctive

phoneticfeatures.a.phoneb.allophone

c.phonemed.sound

5.themorpheme–edintheword“worked”isa（n）__________morpheme.a.derivational

b.inflectional

c.freed.word-forming

6.wh-movementis__________inenglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativeto

interrogative.a.obligatoryb.optional

c.selectionald.arbitrary

7.namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby

_____________.a.griceb.plato

c.saussured.ogdenandrichards

8.“johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“johnmarriedablond.”a.issynonymouswith

b.isinconsistentwith

c.entailsd.presupposes

9.insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled____________,whichisthe

abstractionofthemeaningofasentence.a.utteranceb.reference

c.predicationd.morpheme

10.inaustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;it

istheactperformedinsayingsomething.a.aperlocutionaryactb.a

locutionaryact

c.aconstativeactd.anillocutionaryact

第二部分非选择题

ii.directions:

fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterof

whichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenot

allowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%x10=10%）

11.p___________relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.itaimstoanswersuchquestions

ashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.

12.ad_________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentof

languageoveraperiodoftime.

13.languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.atthelowerlevel,

thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberof

meaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.thisdesignfeatureiscalledd___________.

14.thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:

the

pharyngealcavity,theo_________cavityandthenasalcavity.

15.thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainis

calledl_____________.

16.s_____________featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretation

ofmeaning.

17.phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinite

length,duetotheirr_________properties.

18.h__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.

19.someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep____________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.

iii.directions:

judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.putatfortrueorfforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.（2%x10=20%）

（）21.linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.

（）22.languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.

（）23.theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.

（）24.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinenglishbecauseenglish,unlikechinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.

（）25.thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

（）26.whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.

（）27.allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.forexample,“goodmorning!

”canberestoredto“iwishyouagoodmorning.”

（）28.twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.

（）29.blackenglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardenglishbecauseblackenglishisnotassystematicasstandardenglish.

（）30.anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.

iv.directions:

explainthefollowingterms.（3%x10=30%）

31.parole:

32.broadtranscription:

33.allophones:

34.phrasestructurerules:

35.context

36.historicallinguistics:

37.standardlanguage:

38.linguistictaboo:

39.acculturation:

40.care-takerspeech:

v.answerthefollowingquestions.（10%x2=20%）

41.enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.

42.englishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsanglo-saxondays.identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.

英语语言学试卷答案

（一）

第一部分选择题

i.directions:

readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.（2%x10=20%）

1.a2.d3.c4.c5.b6.a7.b8.c9.c10.d

第二部分非选择题

ii.directions:

fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenot

【篇二：

语言学课后答案4】

thestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orthestudyoftheinterrelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.

co-occurrence:

itmeansthatwordsofdifferentsetsofclausesmaypermit,orrequire,theoccurrenceofawordofanothersetorclasstoformasentenceoraparticularpartofasentence.forinstance,whatcanprecedeanoun（dog）isusuallythedeterminersandadjectives,andwhatcanfollowitwhenittakesthepositionofsubjectwillbe

predicatorssuchasbark,bite,run,etc.inshort,co-occurrenceisthesyntacticenvironmentinwhichaconstruction,withitsrelevant

elements,canappeargrammaticallyandconventionally.thusrelationsofco-occurrencepartlybelongtosyntagmaticrelations,partlytoparadigmaticrelations.

construction:

itreferstoanysyntacticconstructwhichisassignedoneormoreconventionalfunctionsinalanguage,togetherwithwhateverislinguisticallyconventionalizedaboutitscontributiontothemeaningoruseconstructcontains.itcanbefurtherdividedintotheexternalandinternalproperties.takesentencetheboykickedtheballasanexample,wewilldeterminetheexternalsyntaxasanindependent

clause,whilenp（―theboy‖）,vp（―kicked‖）andnp（―theball‖）willbeassignedrespectivelytothedifferentelementsinthisclause.

constituent:

constituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalargerlinguisticunit.severalconstituentstogetherformaconstruction:

forexample,inthesentencetheboyatetheapple,s（a）,theboy（b）,atetheapple（c）,eachpartisaconstituent.constituentscanbejoinedtogetherwithotherconstituentstoformlargerunits.iftwoconstituents,inthecaseoftheexampleabove,b（theboy）andc（atetheapple）,arejoinedtoforma

hierarchicallyhigherconstituenta（―s‖,hereasentence）,thenbandcaresaidtobeimmediateconstituentsofa.

endocentric:

endocentricconstructionisonewhosedistributionis

functionallyequivalenttothatofoneormoreofitsconstituents,i.e.,awordoragroupofwords,whichservesasadefinablecentreorhead.inthephrasetwoprettygirls,girlsisthecentreorheadofthisphraseorwordgroup.

exocentric:

exocentricconstructionreferstoagroupofsyntacticallyrelatedwordswherenoneofthewordsisfunctionallyequivalenttothegroupasawhole,thatis,thereisnodefinablecentreorheadinsidethegroup.exocentricconstructionusuallyincludesbasicsentence,prepositionalphrase,predicate（verb+object）construction,and

connective（be+complement）construction.inthesentenceawhole.

coordination:

acommonsyntacticpatterninenglishandother

languagesisformedbygroupingtogethertwoormorecategoriesofthesametypewiththehelpofaconjunctionsuchasand,butoror.thisphenomenonisknownascoordination.inthe